The Use of a Standpipe to Evaluate Ground Water Samplers

A standpipe system was developed for testing the reliability of ground water samplers. The unit consists of a stainless steel pipe 5 inches (13 centimeters) in diameter and 100 feet (30.5 meters) in height. It has 14 sampling ports from which control samples can be withdrawn at the same time and position as the samples are collected by a sampler lowered to that position. Test solutions were made in two mixing tanks, totaling 260 gallons (980 liters), by diluting the concentrate of five volatile chlorohydrocarbons in water at two levels of concentration: 10-to-30 and 100-to-200 parts per billion (micrograms per liter).
A gas chromatograph interfaced with a purge-and-trap system was used to perform the analyses. Comparisons of the control samples with the sampler-collected samples have indicated that the three non-pumping samplers had recoveries in the range of 92.4 to 103.5 percent and the three pumping samplers had recoveries ranging from 97.7 to 101.5 percent.     

高层大气中氧绿线强度与氧原子密度的关系

本文分析了氧绿线强度剖面的半宽度与氧原子密度剖面的观测值,表明氧绿线强度与氧原子密度的关系,不是如Chapman机制所要求的J∞N³（O）,而是J∞N²（O）。     

Responses of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (L.) to suspended solids

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of suspended solids on the survival and physiological, behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis collected from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Results showed that P. viridis survived in all test conditions of suspended solids from 0 to 1200 mg/l over a period of 96 h. Physiological responses of the green-lipped mussel under 14-d exposure of suspended solids from 0 to 600 mg/l, followed by 14-d recovery in natural seawater, revealed no significant changes (p>0.05) in oxygen consumption and dry gonosomatic index for treatments in different concentrations of suspended solids and exposure time. Changes in clearance rate were only found to be significant (p<0.001) with exposure time. Responses in behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel were also studied under similar experimental treatments and exposure time. Byssus production was significantly (p<0.001) related to exposure time. Gill damage, however, was significantly greater in treatments (p<0.001). Present findings suggested that P. viridis could tolerate a high level of suspended solids in the laboratory. There were dose-dependent effects of suspended solids on morphology of gill filaments. Implications of survival and responses of the green-lipped mussel to suspended solids in the marine environment are discussed.     

钢骨混凝土异形柱正截面承载力及延性计算分析

用条带法对不同轴压比下钢骨混凝土异形柱正截面的承载力和延性进行了计算分析，绘制了相应的M-φ曲线。同时计算分析了在轴压力相同的情况下，随着含钢骨率的变化，钢骨混凝土异形柱承载力和延性的变化情况。文中的结论可供抗震设计参考。     

超轻型飞机在山区测绘航摄初获成功

作者在福建省南平山区用超轻型飞机完成的测绘航摄任务的基础上,阐述了开展这项试验的现实意义;介绍了试验所采用的机型和设备以及试验的成果;讨论了影响飞行质量的因素及其解决办法;肯定了采用超轻型飞机在山区进行测绘航摄的可能性;提出了进一步开展这项试验研究的设想。     

Over-reflection and instability

Stability problems involving parallel shear flow are considered in the context of wave-reflection problems. It is found that if an unstable solution exists and its growth rate is sufficiently small, the growth rate can be connected to the reflection coefficient through a formula as if the unstable growth were the direct result of repeated over-reflections. If the stability problem under consideration has time symmetry, then for every growing solution there exists a corresponding decaying solution. It is shown that a consistent formula can also be derived for the decaying solution, and the existence of at least one critical layer in the corresponding wave-reflection problem is needed in order to account for both the growing and decaying solutions. As an application of these concepts, the small-scale non-geostrophic instabilities found by Stone (1970) are identified to be associated with over-reflection of inertia-gravity waves.     

Texture-Preserving Despeckling of SAR Images Using Evidence Framework

In this letter, a texture-preserving despeckling algorithm for synthetic aperture radar images using an evidence framework is proposed. The salient aspects of this approach are given as follows. (1) The maximum a posteriori estimate can be guaranteed to converge to the optima by selecting the Gaussian distribution and Gaussian Markov random field model as the likelihood function and prior model, respectively. (2) MacKay's evidence framework can automatically sustain the balance between speckle reduction and texture preservation. (3) We use the Jeffreys prior to perform the second-level inference of the evidence framework. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed despeckling method.     

川西峨眉地区古近纪早期气候特征:来自名山组下段地球化学及磁化率的证据*

古近纪早期是显生宙典型的“温室气候”期,也是气候向“冰室气候”转型前的最后温暖期。川西峨眉地区发育有完整的古近系名山组湖相地层,对该地层的古气候研究可以为了解和探索新生代重大地质事件和气候的演化过程提供参考依据。在前人研究的基础上,以常量元素与微量元素比值和磁化率为依据,结合宏观沉积特征和岩石薄片镜下特征,对峨眉地区古近纪早期气候演化与磁化率形成机理进行讨论。研究结果表明: 川西峨眉地区古近纪早期总体为热带—亚热带炎热干旱气候,该气候为晚白垩世炎热干旱气候的延续,但较晚白垩世干热程度明显降低,期间出现多次炎热干旱—温暖湿润变化,并存在气候波动较为剧烈的时段。气候的干湿变化是造成研究区磁化率变化的主要原因,磁化率高值反映气候趋于湿润,低值则反映干旱程度增加,剖面中磁化率出现明显波动的位置可能对应东亚季风开始对峨眉地区产生影响的时期。     

不同品性冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性研究

为揭示冬小麦干物质积累过程的动态变化,利用不同品种冬小麦分期播种的灌浆速率资料,建立了Logistic模型,定量分析了不同播期条件下不同品性冬小麦的灌浆特性,并探讨了冬小麦灌浆特性对气象因子的响应情况。结果表明,籽粒灌浆质量与开花后天数的关系符合Logistic生长曲线方程。基于Logistic模型求算的各次级参数能够较好地表征冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性,半冬性品种较春性品种灌浆高峰期出现时间早;春性品种的粒重渐增期和粒重快增期持续时间一般长于半冬性品种的;半冬性品种的平均活跃灌浆期较春性品种的短;早播和正常播种条件下,春性品种最大和平均灌浆速率均高于半冬性品种的,而迟播条件下春性品种最大和平均灌浆速率均低于半冬性品种的,适期晚播更利于春性品种灌浆和千粒重增加。灌浆特性的变异系数分布总体呈春性品种大于半冬性品种的,表明播期对春性品种的影响更大。不同籽粒灌浆特性对气象因子的响应不同,其中孕穗—成熟期内的平均气温、孕穗—乳熟期内的降水量、播种—乳熟期内的日照时数与冬小麦灌浆特性相关密切,基于灌浆特性与气象因子建立的逐步回归方程决定系数为0.507～0.875,均通过了0.01的显著性检验。     

华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代年代地层格架和沉积演化过程研究的新进展

华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层发育良好,露头连续,是华北克拉通元古宙地层发育最好的地区之一.近年来重要年代学研究成果不断涌现,使华北克拉通南缘年代学格架和不同地层小区(卢氏—栾川、渑池—确山和嵩山—箕山地层小区)的地层对比关系逐渐清晰.本文总结了华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层学的新进展,并与天津蓟县中—新元古代地层标准剖面进行了对比,重新厘定了新的地层格架,主要包括:(1)将卢氏—栾川地层小区原归属蓟县系的高山河群、官道口群及青白口系白术沟组分别重新划定为长城系、蓟县系和待建系;(2)将渑池—确山地层小区的黄连垛组和董家组划分为蓟县系下部和青白口系;(3)将嵩山—箕山地层小区五佛山群进行解体,马鞍山组下拉至长城系,将五佛山群其他地层暂置于青白口系.以上述新进展和现有资料为依据,本文重新梳理了华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代的沉积演化过程,构建了不同时期的岩相古地理简图.