地裂缝场地建筑结构动力响应特征及抗震设防研究

为研究地震作用下地裂缝场地建筑结构的动力响应特征,以西安地裂缝场地为研究背景,分别考虑独立基础、片筏基础、桩基础和桩筏基础上的框架结构,对结构峰值加速度、层间位移等动力响应特征及其影响因素和影响规律进行系统研究。研究结果表明：(1)地裂缝附近场地上的结构加速度响应和层间位移响应具有明显的放大效应,动力响应峰值随着距地裂缝距离的增大逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定,放大效应的影响范围约为24 m,此范围内的结构需提高抗震设防水平;(2)结构的峰值加速度随层高的增大而增大,整体呈现出“S”形,层间位移角随层高的增大先增大后减小,二者均表现出明显的“上盘效应”,即上盘结构响应强于下盘,且随着输入地震动强度的增大,上、下盘结构动力响应差异进一步扩大,上盘效应愈发显著;(3)片筏基础、桩基础和桩筏基础结构的加速度响应接近,而独立基础结构的加速度与前三者差异明显,但随着楼层的增大,基础形式对结构层间位移角的影响逐渐减弱;(4)上、下盘结构的峰值加速度、峰值位移大小及峰值出现的时间等存在一定差异,这是由于地震波经过地裂缝时发生复杂的反射和折射,结构受到非一致性激励造成的。     

Microtremor-based analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of earth-fissured sites in the Datong basin,China

This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the Fourier amplitude spectrum, response spectrum, and Arias intensity. The results show the following.(1) The predominant frequency of an earth fissure site is mainly affected by the thickness and the shear wave velocity of the soil layer and is minimally effected by the presence of an earth fissure.(2) Earth fissures have a pronounced amplification effect on dynamic response. Fourier amplitude, response acceleration, and Arias intensity are high near an earth fissure and decrease with an increase in distance from the earth fissure, tending toward stability at a distance of 20 m.(3) The area that is seriously affected by this amplification is within 6–8 m of an earth fissure, and the general affected area is farther out than this, to a distance of 25 m.(4) New construction should be avoided in an area affected by the amplification, and existing buildings in general and seriously affected areas need to be reinforced to increase their seismic fortification intensity.     

辛通畅络法对膜性肾病小鼠TNF-α及IL-10的影响

目的：观察中药复方肾络宁对膜性肾病（MN）模型小鼠TNF-α和IL-10的影响。方法：实验Balb/c小鼠采用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白（C-BSA）诱导MN模型,分为模型组、肾络宁组,另设正常组,以肾络宁为治疗药物,于实验第0周、第3周、第6周末检测各组小鼠尿蛋白及血清TNF-α、IL-10的变化情况。结果：治疗6周后,模型组和肾络宁组小鼠均出现不同程度的尿蛋白排泄量增加,其中肾络宁组较模型组小鼠尿蛋白排泄量减少;与空白对照组比较,模型组、肾络宁组TNF-α表达均不同程度升高,IL-10表达均不同程度降低,其中肾络宁组改善优于模型组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：肾络宁具有减少MN模型小鼠尿蛋白排泄的作用,其机制可能与调节TNF-α及IL-10的表达相关。     

山东蓬莱地区侯格庄金矿床流体包裹体特征

侯格庄金矿床位于胶东栖(霞)-蓬(莱)金成矿带大柳行金矿田东南部。该文采用包裹体显微测温方法对金矿石中石英矿物内残留的流体包裹体进行研究,总结了金矿石石英矿物中的流体包裹体特征,并对该矿床成矿流体来源、矿床成因进行了研究。研究表明,该矿床石英矿物中流体包裹体以纯液包裹体为主,次为H_2O-CO_2气液两相包裹体及H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体,未见含子矿物包裹体。均一温度在109~396℃,盐度在2.9~22.44wt%NaCl,密度在0.64~1.06g/cm~3之间,估算成矿压力为128~340MPa,成矿深度约4.4~11.6km。该矿床至少经历了2个矿化期次,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、低密度流体,流体来源于天水与岩浆水的混合产物,属中低温、中浅成热液矿床。     

Nitrogen Budget in Recirculating Aquaculture and Water Exchange Systems for Culturing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

In order to investigate the culture characteristics of two indoor intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farming modes, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and water exchange system (WES), this study was carried out to analyze the water quality and nitrogen budget including various forms of nitrogen, microorganism and chlorophyll-a. Nitrogen budget was calculated based on feed input, shrimp harvest, water quality and renewal rate, and collection of bottom mud. Input nitrogen retained in shrimp was 23.58% and 19.10% respectively for WES and RAS, and most of nitrogen waste retained in water and bottom mud. In addition, most of nitrogen in the water of WES was TAN (21.32%) and nitrite (15.30%), while in RAS was nitrate (25.97%), which means that more than 76% of ammonia and nitrite were removed. The effect of microalgae in RAS and WES was negligible. However, bacteria played a great role in the culture system considering the highest cultivable cultivable bacterial populations in RAS and WES were 1.03×10¹⁰ cfu mL^?1 and 2.92×10⁹ cfu mL^?1, respectively. Meanwhile the proportion of bacteria in nitrogen budget was 29.61% and 24.61% in RAS and WES, respectively. RAS and WES could realize shrimp high stocking culture with water consuming rate of 1.25 m³ per kg shrimp and 3.89 m³ per kg shrimp, and power consuming rates of 3.60 kw h per kg shrimp and 2.51 kw h per kg shrimp, respectively. This study revealed the aquatic environment and nitrogen budget of intensive shrimp farming in detail, which provided the scientific basis for improving the industrial shrimp farming.     

Hydroacoustic estimates of fish biomass and spatial distributions in shallow lakes

We conducted acoustical surveys with a horizontal beam transducer to detect fish and with a vertical beam transducer to detect depth and macrophytes in two typical shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in November 2013. Both lakes are subject to active fish management with annual stocking and removal of large fish. The purpose of the study was to compare hydroacoustic horizontal beam estimates with fish landings. The preliminary results show that the fish distribution patterns dif fered in the two lakes and were af fected by water depth and macrophyte coverage. The hydroacoustically estimated fish biomass matched the commercial catch very well in Niushan Lake, but it was two times higher in Kuilei Lake. However, acoustic estimates included all fish, whereas the catch included only fish 45 cm(smaller ones were released). We were unable to determine the proper regression between acoustic target strength and fish length for the dominant fish species in the two lakes.     

A large mid-channel sand bar in the macrotidal seaway of outer Asan Bay, Korea: 30 years of morphologic response to anthropogenic impacts

Over the past three decades, dike constructions along the shores and dredging activities for navigation purposes have caused significant sedimentologic/morphologic modifications of a mid-channel bar situated in the tidal seaway of outer Asan Bay, Korea, as shown by a comparison of two sediment datasets collected in the channel and over the bar in 1977 and 2008. In addition, three hydrographic charts published in 1976, 1989, and 2006 were analyzed using GIS to estimate sand volume budgets and any bar migration. The bar is currently about 15 km long and 2–5 km wide, with a relief of 15 m. It is elongated in the tidal flow direction, but asymmetric in cross section. Chart analyses reveal a dramatic reduction in size and volume over the study period. An approximate 19% net loss in total sediment volume was calculated between 1976 and 1989. Since then, a net gain of about 7% has been estimated. The surface areas between selected depth contours reveal a similar pattern, i.e., substantial shrinking until 1989, followed by slight expansion up to 2006. Comparing selected textural parameters (mean grain size, sorting) of a 2008 sediment sampling campaign with those of a 1977 survey, it was found that mean grain sizes have decreased by as much as 1-phi interval, and that the sediments have become more poorly sorted in the vicinity of the bar over the 30-year study period, probably due to a sudden decrease in tidal energy flux after completion of the adjacent dikes. A particular feature is the temporary response of the bar to man-made impacts, characterized by substantial shrinking along its southwestern flank, and slight expansion along its northeastern flank. The observed changes in bar morphology can plausibly be explained by a sudden decrease in sediment supply resulting from a reduction in tidal prism in the wake of diking. The bar initially shrunk, but since 1989 has begun to gradually recover. To compensate the deficit, the bar has lowered its base level by scouring troughs along both flanks.     

分子鉴定方法研究大亚湾水体弧菌种类变化

借助分子鉴定方法监测大亚湾水体中弧菌Vibrio种类季节性动态的变化规律.通过增菌培养、菌株分离,在224份海水中共分离出弧菌368株,并用分子生物学辅助生化鉴定方法鉴定弧菌菌株.结果表明,在大亚湾海域水体中鉴定的弧菌种类有溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus、副溶血弧菌V.parahaemolyticus、哈氏弧菌V.harveyi和创伤弧菌V.vuinificus,没有检测到霍乱弧菌V.cholerae、拟态弧菌V.mimicus、河流弧菌V.fluvialis和霍利斯弧菌V.hollisae.溶藻弧菌和副溶血弧菌为优势菌群,分别占弧菌总数的27.99%和21.74%.     

河南夏季高温日数的时空分布特征及500 hPa环流型

对河南省40个代表站1961-2005年夏季≥35℃高温日数进行经验正交函数(EOF)展开分析,结果显示,前3个典型场基本能反映河南夏季高温日数分布的主要特征,前3个模态的累积方差贡献率达85%.据此,得出河南夏季≥35℃高温日数的时空分布类型为全省一致型、西北至东南差异型和西南至东北差异型.第一模态对应的时间系数序列的变化幅度最大,第二模态对应的时间系数序列的变化幅度比前一个时间序列要小.第一模态的时间系数演变显示,河南夏季高温日数平均呈减少趋势,且存在2～4 a、8～14 a的周期变化,目前河南夏季高温日数正处于偏多状态中.应用逐日20时500 hPa ECMWF北半球格点资料,对1991-2005年河南典型的大面积持续高温下的环流形势进行普查、分类,分别求各种类型下的环流平均场,从而得到河南省高温的两种环流型,即贝加尔湖高压型和副热带高压型.     

Analytical investigations of seismic responses for reinforced concrete bridge columns subjected to strong near-fault ground motion

Strong near-fault ground motion, usually caused by the fault-rupture and characterized by a pulse-like velocity- wave form, often causes dramatic instantaneous seismic energy (Jadhav and Jangid 2006). Some reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, even those built according to ductile design principles, were damaged in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the seismic response of a RC bridge column to improve its seismic design and prevent future damage. Nonlinear time history analysis using step-by-step integration is capable of tracing the dynamic response of a structure during the entire vibration period and is able to accommodate the pulsing wave form. However, the accuracy of the numerical results is very sensitive to the modeling of the nonlinear load-deformation relationship of the structural member. FEMA 273 and ATC-40 provide the modeling parameters for structural nonlinear analyses of RC beams and RC columns. They use three parameters to define the plastic rotation angles and a residual strength ratio to describe the nonlinear load- deformation relationship of an RC member. Structural nonlinear analyses are performed based on these parameters. This method provides a convenient way to obtain the nonlinear seismic responses of RC structures. However, the accuracy of the numerical solutions might be further improved. For this purpose, results from a previous study on modeling of the static pushover analyses for RC bridge columns (Sung et al. 2005) is adopted for the nonlinear time history analysis presented herein to evaluate the structural responses excited by a near-fault ground motion. To ensure the reliability of this approach, the numerical results were compared to experimental results. The results confirm that the proposed approach is valid.