一种结合UKF与TLS的GPS机动跟踪算法

在GPS接收机产生机动时,运动模型的不匹配会给跟踪算法带来性能损失。本文提出一种机动检测、Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF)以及总体最小二乘(Total Least Square,TLS)相结合的解算方法用于接收机机动的GPS跟踪解算。首先,通过机动检测算法对目标的机动性进行判别,当目标机动较小时,利用UKF的最优检测性能进行跟踪,而当目标机动较大时,结合TLS的强跟踪性能,采用TLS和UKF联合进行跟踪。从而,在不增加方程维数的情况下,实现机动目标的实时、快速跟踪。仿真结果表明该方法对机动目标具有良好的跟踪性能。     

冲绳海槽天然气水合物BSR的地震研究

根据多道地震反射资料分析,在冲绳海槽南部和中部发现了拟海底反射层(BSR)现象。通过对海底异常反射层的振幅特征、速度异常和AVO属性分析,说明该BSR可能反映了天然气水合物的存在,并发现冲绳海槽断层与天然气水合物的形成有密切关系。     

基于WRF的黄渤海海雾数值模拟参数化方案研究

对数值模拟的研究现状进行了总结梳理,分析了已有研究的不足,并根据研究目标在已有研究结论基础上有针对性地设计了敏感性实验方案。经过与实地观测的结果对比来看,与海雾模拟密切相关的边界层参数化方案中的YSU方案对我国黄渤海海区的不同强度海雾均具有良好的适用性,而长波辐射方案中的Fu-Liou-Gu方案则具有更好的普适性,在这种核心方案配置下的模拟结果均可满足一般科学研究与预报业务的需求。     

存储式岩心定向取心技术应用研究

采用岩心定向取心技术不仅可以迅速而方便地确定地下矿层和结构面的产状,而且还可以判断矿层的走向,了解地层倾向,预测钻孔弯曲的趋势。介绍了存储式岩心定向取心原理、关键技术问题、器具构成、技术参数以及现场应用情况。     

涪陵江东区块三维水平井优快钻井技术 ——以焦页91平台为例

涪陵二期建产区地质构造比一期更加复杂,目的层埋深更深,水平段倾角变化较大,这些客观因素造成钻井施工困难,钻井周期普遍延长。焦页91平台是部署在二期江东区块西南部的边缘井,地质条件复杂,钻井工程施工难度大。本文深入分析了该平台的第1口井焦页912HF井施工过程中遇到的复杂情况以及造成钻井周期长的主要原因,在后续2口井的施工过程中,针对第1口井出现的问题,采取改进堵漏措施,钻头、螺杆优选,优化井眼轨道,配套提速工具,提高钻井液性能,使用旋转导向工具等技术措施,精细施工,取得了良好的效果,钻头行程和机械钻速大幅提升,钻井周期大大缩短,为涪陵二期江东区块钻井施工提供了经验。     

内蒙古草原浅对流云特征卫星观测分析北大核心CSCD

浅对流云(Shallow Convective Cloud,SCC)对于认识和预报深对流强雷暴、辐射平衡以及气候变化有着十分重要的科学和意义。然而浅对流云水平、垂直尺度较小,并且生命尺度短,对其观测技术有限,目前针对浅对流云的观测研究仍然较少。本文采用2009~2010年CloudSat、CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation satellite)和MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)卫星融合产品2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR和2B-GEOPRO对SCC进行研究,研究分析表明内蒙古草原区域SCC出现频率有明显季节变化,主要发生在夏季和秋季,其出现频率水平分布呈现西北低、东南高的趋势,与海拔梯度变化密切相关。SCC平均云底高度,8月最高,12月最低,呈现明显的冬夏差异。通过比较不同地区SCC云底高度发现,随着观测区域海拔高度增加,SCC云底高度有上升趋势。除此以外,海拔越高SCC云底高度变化幅度越大。     

基于船只尾迹遥感特征的航向提取方法研究

为解决单景遥感图像上航行船只航向的自动提取问题,研究了船只尾迹遥感特征和基于尾迹遥感特征的提取方法.对海上航行船只尾迹的形态特征和统计特征研究表明,湍流尾迹在遥感图像上出现概率高且特征稳定,其图像表现以条带状特征为主.考虑到湍流尾迹的线性特性,采用Randon变换算法进行了可以表征航向的尾迹提取.通过对10幅尾迹图像提...     

天文底片保存和我国天文底片数字化的建议

阐述了国际上天文照相底片数字化工作的进展:底片的保存、底片数字化的意义和相关技术。扼要地介绍了国际虚拟天文台的情况及其与底片数字化的关系。分析了我国天文底片资料的保存现状,并提出了底片数字化建议:成立由各天文台专家组成的全国底片数字化协调小组,建立各单位保存底片的信息库、改进底片的保存条件、有步骤地对有价值底片上的全部目标进行扫描,以便将其与现代高精度的观测资料相结合,开展有意义的课题研究。     

Zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope evidence for contrasting origin of bimodal protoliths for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project

A combined study of zircon morphology, U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes as well as whole‐rock major and trace elements was carried out for ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite and felsic gneiss from the main hole (MH) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project in the Sulu orogen. The results show contrasting Hf isotope compositions for bimodal UHP metaigneous rocks, pointing to contrasting origins for their protoliths (thus dual‐bimodal compositions). The samples of interest were from two continuous core segments from CCSD MH at depths of 734.21–737.16 m (I) and 929.67–932.86 m (II) respectively. Zircon U–Pb dating for four samples from the two core segments yields two groups of ages at 784 ± 17 and 222 ± 3 Ma, respectively, corresponding to protolith formation during supercontinental rifting and metamorphic growth during continental collision. Although the Triassic UHP metamorphism significantly reset the zircon U–Pb system of UHP rocks, the Hf isotope compositions of igneous zircon can be used to trace their protolith origin. Contrasting types of initial Hf isotope ratios are, respectively, correlated with segments I and II, regardless of their lithochemistry. The first type shows positive ?_Hf(t) values of 7.8 ± 3.1 to 6.0 ± 3.0, with young Hf model age of 1.03 and 1.11 Ga. The second type exhibits negative ?_Hf(t) values of ?6.9 ± 1.6 to ?9.1 ± 1.1, with old Hf model ages of 2.11 and 2.25 Ga. It appears that the UHP rocks from the two segments have protoliths of contrasting origin. Consistent results are also obtained from their trace element compositions suggesting that mid‐Neoproterozoic protoliths of bimodal UHP metaigneous rocks formed during supercontinental rifting at the northern margin of the South China Block. Thus, the first type of bimodal magmatism formed by rapid reworking of juvenile crust, whereas the second type of bimodal magmatism was principally generated by rift anatexis of Paleoproterozoic crust. Melting of orogenic lithosphere has potential to bring about bimodal magmatism with contrasting origins. Because arc–continent collision zones are the best place to accumulate both juvenile and ancient crusts, the contrasting types of bimodal magmatism are proposed to occur in an arc–continent collision orogen during the supercontinental rifting, in response to the attempted breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia at c. 780 Ma.     

Comparison of Kuqa foreland basin with Persian Gulf Basin in salt tectonics

Compared Kuqa foreland basin with Persian Gulf Basin in development of salt layers, salt tectonics, and the relation between salt tectonics and hydrocarbon, it is concluded that the salt diapirs are relative to hydrocarbon. Searching salt diapirs and related traps in Kuqa foreland basin is important. The forming mechanism of salt tectonic in Kuqa foreland basin is different from that of Hormuz Series, but similar to that of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation. Inspired by the role of salt tectonics of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation in hydrocarbon accumulation, the authors considered that the exploration below salt layer should be enforced, and the traps below salt layer in the southern part of the Kuqa foreland basin would be found where salt layer is thicker. On the contrary, the traps should be found both above and below the salt layer in front of the northern mountain where salt layer is thin. The Triassic and Jurassic source rocks are rich in this area with great exploration prospective.