黑龙江杂岩中蓝片岩的地球化学特征和云母片岩的4期40Ar-39Ar年龄对佳木斯地块晚古生代至中生代构造演化的制约

黑龙江杂岩作为存在于佳木斯地块西缘的牡丹江洋俯冲—增生的唯一直接记录,对限定佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化具有关键作用。本文主要对依兰和牡丹江地区出露的黑龙江蓝片岩和云母片岩分别进行了地球化学和⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学方面的分析。研究结果显示,依兰和牡丹江地区的蓝片岩原岩均为碱性玄武岩,与 OIB的地球化学性质相一致,指示其形成于洋岛环境。结合作者在依兰地区发表的蓝片岩原岩结晶年龄为～288 Ma,表明在早二叠世时期,佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间存在古洋盆,即牡丹江洋。此外,在牡丹江地区黑龙江杂岩中获得的云母片岩白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为187±2 Ma,其与变基性岩常常相伴产生,表明二者共同经历了牡丹江洋的俯冲消亡过程,因此代表了黑龙江蓝片岩的形成时代,即早侏罗世。综上,本文对佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化历史提出了新的解释,即：早二叠世,牡丹江洋一直存在于佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间;早侏罗世,牡丹江洋向松嫩地块之下发生俯冲消减,进而造成佳木斯地块与松嫩地块发生碰撞拼贴。     

高光谱影像分类的深度少样例学习方法

针对高光谱影像分类面临的小样本问题,提出了一种深度少样例学习算法,该算法在训练过程中通过模拟小样本分类的情况来训练深度三维卷积神经网络提取特征,其提取得到的特征具有较小类内间距和较大的类间间距,更适合小样本分类问题,且能用于不同的高光谱数据,具有更好的泛化能力。利用训练好的模型提取目标数据集的特征,然后结合最近邻分类器和支持向量机分类器进行监督分类。利用Pavia大学、Indian Pines和Salinas 3组高光谱影像数据进行分类试验,试验结果表明,该算法能够在训练样本较少的情况下（每类地物仅选取5个标记样本作为训练样本）取得优于传统半监督分类方法的分类精度。     

物理探查方法在土壤改良中的应用研究

如何快速全面的了解整个改良区的土层分布情况及盐碱化程度,如何对改良的效果进行了有效的检测,是盐碱地改良工作中的所要解决的问题,应用物理探查的方法解决这些问题,证实其在盐碱地的改良工程中是一种可行,有效的方法,并拟在国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目专题－松嫩平原盐碱地综合治理与农业持续发展研究中采用此项技术方法,进行跨学科的技术应用研究。     

An optimal parameters-based geographical detector model enhances geographic characteristics of explanatory variables for spatial heterogeneity analysis: cases with different types of spatial data

ABSTRACT

Spatial heterogeneity represents a general characteristic of the inequitable distributions of spatial issues. The spatial stratified heterogeneity analysis investigates the heterogeneity among various strata of explanatory variables by comparing the spatial variance within strata and that between strata. The geographical detector model is a widely used technique for spatial stratified heterogeneity analysis. In the model, the spatial data discretization and spatial scale effects are fundamental issues, but they are generally determined by experience and lack accurate quantitative assessment in previous studies. To address this issue, an optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model is developed for more accurate spatial analysis. The optimal parameters are explored as the best combination of spatial data discretization method, break number of spatial strata, and spatial scale parameter. In the study, the OPGD model is applied in three example cases with different types of spatial data, including spatial raster data, spatial point or areal statistical data, and spatial line segment data, and an R “GD” package is developed for computation. Results show that the parameter optimization process can further extract geographical characteristics and information contained in spatial explanatory variables in the geographical detector model. The improved model can be flexibly applied in both global and regional spatial analysis for various types of spatial data. Thus, the OPGD model can improve the overall capacity of spatial stratified heterogeneity analysis. The OPGD model and its diverse solutions can contribute to more accurate, flexible, and efficient spatial heterogeneity analysis, such as spatial patterns investigation and spatial factor explorations.     

The permeability of the Elkhorn fault zone,South Park,Colorado

The purposes of this study are to use both field and modeling approaches to characterize the permeability of a fault and to assess the role of the fault on regional ground water flow. The study subject is the Elkhorn fault, a low-angle reverse fault that brings Precambrian crystalline rocks over the sediments of Colorado's South Park Basin. The fault is hypothesized to act as a low-permeability barrier to flow, restricting interaction between the crystalline aquifer and the basin sediments. To test this hypothesis and to better predict the permeability structure of the fault, we synthesized geologic data to create a geologic model of the fault, conducted aquifer tests to estimate the hydrogeologic properties of the fault zone, and used ground water modeling to test the influence of a range of hydraulic properties for the fault zone on ground water flow in the region. Our study suggests that the fault is a low-permeability feature. Estimated heads are best matched to observations by modeling the fault as a 10-foot-thick interval of low-permeability fault gouge. Steady-state flow models show that much of the flow in the study area is topographically driven near land surface. Flow rates decrease with depth in the aquifers. In the footwall, ground water moves updip in the Michigan-San Isabel syncline to discharge in the South Park Basin. In the hanging wall, ground water moves east to a regional ground water divide. Sensitivity analyses indicate that hydraulic heads are most sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and recharge.     

我国粮食供给安全与耕地资源变化

实现粮食基本自给,主要依靠自己养活自己是我国政府奉行的粮食安全思路,因而国内耕地的维护工作始终倍受关注,但是结果仍然难尽人意。本文分析了耕地面积,耕地质量,耕地分布重心,耕地改良投入,耕地农用驱动力等多种威胁国家粮食供给安全的要素变化。     

全国天气雷达数据处理系统

根据《全国天气雷达终端更新》和《全国天气雷达定标》项目的技术规定,研制了一套完整的雷达业务数据处理系统,实现了全国布网天气雷达数据格式统一、产品生成、产品分发和图像回显的全自动化业务,提高了我国天气雷达网的业务质量、以及数据处理和产品应用水平,收效显著。在研发过程中,充分考虑了业务条件、实际要求和探测技术的发展,系统功能丰富,算法先进,接口开放,设计精美,投入业务两年来系统运行稳定。该系统放弃了传统对话框和工具栏的设计方式,创新设计了操作面板控制。文中的研发思路,设计方法,系统特点对我国业务软件的研制具有很好的借鉴作用。     

中国东北中生代地层划分对比之新见

在总结近二十年来有关我国东北地区中生代地层研究诸多新发现与新进展的基础上 ,以生物化石为主要依据 ,以 "海相检验法”及国际性生物地层对比为标准 ,结合同位素年代地层学新资料 ,对东北地区中生代地层的划分及对比 ,提出了新的方案。文中还讨论了三叠系 -侏罗系界线、侏罗系 -白垩系界线及下白垩统 -上白垩统界线的划分以及辽西义县组的时代。同时 ,还首次报道了笔者等对黑龙江东部龙爪沟群研究的最新进展 ,并提出了对龙爪沟群时代及与鸡西群对比的新认识。     

Preliminary study on assessment of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin based on SWAT modeling

With the Taihu Basin as a study area, using the spatially distributed and mechanism-based SWAT model, preliminary simulations of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin during the period of 1995:_2002 has been carried out. The topography, soil, meteorology and land use with industrial point pollution discharge, the loss of agricultural fertilizers, urban sewerage, and livestock drainages were all considered in the boundary conditions of the simulations. The model was calibrated and validated against water quality monitoring data from 2001 to 2002. The results show that the annual total productions of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) into Lake Taihu are 40000t and 2000t respectively. Nutrient from the Huxi Region is a major resource for Lake Taihu. The non-point source (surface source) pollution is the main form of catchment sources of nutrients into Lake Taihu, occupied TN 53% and TP 56% respectively. TN and TP nutrients from industrial point pollution discharge are 30% and 16%, and sewerage in both forms of point source and non-point source are TN 31% and TP 47%. Both the loss of agricultural fertilizers and livestock drainages from the catchment should be paid more attention as an important nutrient source. The results also show that SWAT is an effective model for the simulation of temporally and spatially nutrient changes and for the assessment of the trends in a catchment scale.     

矿山地理信息元数据系统设计

分析了在矿山地理信息系统中引入元数据的重要性和可行性,然后采用建模技术,设计并实现了矿山地理信息元数据标准原型,并给出了矿山地理信息元数据系统的基本架构。