A rationale for beach selection by the public on the coast of Wales, UK

Questionnaires were completed by 2306 beach users at 19 Welsh beaches with respect to beach selection parameters. The modal group of respondents was female aged 30–39. Beach choice was primarily determined by clean litter-free sand and seawater, followed by safety. Refreshment facilities and beach awards were deemed minor considerations by the public when choosing a beach to visit. Approximately 58 per cent of respondents were aware of beach award and rating schemes. Of coastal visitors interviewed for this paper, 67 per cent rated a beach as 'important' or 'very important' to their holiday, with just 2 per cent replying that they were unimportant.     

Optical variability of the NLS1 galaxy Ark 564 in 1987–2004

We present the results of our U BV R _c I _c photoelectric and CCD photometry of the NLS1 galaxy Ark 564 in 1987–2004. Between late 1997 and 2002, a slight increase in brightness was observed followed by a small but systematic decline until 2004. Ark 564 has a low variability amplitude, within 0.2^m in the U BV R _c I _c bands. The galaxy’s spectral energy distribution at 3600–9000 Å is unlike those for Seyfert 1 (Syl) galaxies. A delay of the Ic flux relative to the B flux of about three days was found, which is in agreement with the standard disk model. This delay probably reflects the geometric size of the region that emits the observed continuum.     

Berriasian (Lower Cretaceous) brachiopods from the Crimea

Four successive assemblages of Berriasian brachiopods distinguished for the first time in the Crimea are correlated with concurrent subdivisions of the ammonoid scale. Berriasian brachiopods are represented by 44 species of 27 genera and 14 families, which are most complete in terms of taxonomic composition as compared to other concurrent brachiopod faunas known elsewhere. The assemblages are dominated by local species. As is proved, the Berriasian brachiopods studied are appropriate for age determination, subdivision and correlation of their host deposits. Their geographic distribution that has been analyzed elucidates connections of the Berriasian sea basins within the Mediterranean paleozoogeographic region.     

The chemical composition of HR 1512, a peculiar helium-weak star

We have used high-resolution spectra to study the chemical composition of HR 1512, a star with effective temperature T _eff = 15 200 K, atmospheric gravity log g = 3.52, microturbulence parameter V _t = 1.5 km/s, and rotation rate v sin i = 17 km s^?1. We confirm the presence of a helium deficiency (?0.6 dex), indicating that HR 1512 is a helium-weak star. Its considerable phosphorus excess (1.6 dex) testifies that the star belongs to the PGa subtype. We suggest that the He and P abundances increase with height; i.e., that there is stratification of He and P in the star’s atmosphere. Among the CNO elements, nitrogen demonstrates an underabundance of ?0.4 dex, while the abundances of carbon and oxygen are solar. Deficits of about ?0.5 or ?0.6 dex were also found for Mg, Si, and S. A neon excess of 0.4 dex was derived from our non-LTE analysis of NeI lines. The largest excess among the iron-peak elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) is 0.6 dex, for manganese; the abundances of chromium and nickel display excesses of 0.5 and 0.3 dex, respectively, while the iron abundance is almost normal. The chemical anomalies of HR 1512 generally agree with those for mercury-manganese stars. This supports the hypothesis that PGa stars represent an extension of HgMn stars to higher temperatures.     

Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.     

Origin of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic and its implication to other mafic layers embedded in orogenic peridotites

Summary The granulite terrane of the Czech part of the Gf?hl unit includes numerous small bodies of mantle derived peridotite, some of which contain layers or lenses of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite. These eclogitic rocks have generally been considered to be high-pressure crystal cumulates formed in the upper mantle. We present new analyses of whole-rock major and trace element contents for three kynanite-quartz eclogite samples taken from the Nové Dvory garnet peridotite body. Integrating these data with previously published analyses from the literature on eclogitic rocks from this terrane, we demonstrate that a magnesian group of eclogites, including these three new samples, were originally formed as cumulus gabbros, which were later transformed to eclogites in the mantle. A gabbroic origin for some mafic layers (Type II) has been advocated for other orogenic peridotites, such as Beni Bousera (Morocco), Ronda (Spain), and Horoman (Japan). By comparing these sets of data with those from the Bohemian Massif, we propose a simple method of identifying groups of metagabbros by utilizing MgO-normalization in oxide ratio plots for whole-rock major element analyses.