Characteristic analysis of wind field and sea wave field over the NW Pacific Ocean

The NW Pacific Ocean is not onIy the only transportation way between America andAsia, but also the source influencing on inIand climate and marine variability of adjacentseas in China. Based on ship observation data during l950 - l995 in the NW Pacific,with data from several hundreds to 30 thousand in every 5"x5" grid network, throughanalyzing the monthly mean directions of prevailing wind, wave and swelI, wind speed,pressure, wave height and frequencies of gaIe of 6 and 8 sca1e, high sea…     

Structural Vibration Mode Re-Analysis of Offshore Structures

-This paper reviews the current methodology for dynamic reanalysis. Rayleigh-Ritz approach and receptance approach are discussed in detail. Based on a general finite element structural analysis program SAPS, an eigenproblem re-analysis prorgram ERP was compiled. With a very small change the program can be implemented readily with any general FEM program. Finally, some numerical examples show that the new algorithm is of high precision and efficiency. In the case of local modification in the offshore platform, the efficiency is raised by 20- 50 times when compared with the re-calculation of the whole model.     

Velocity and Sediment Concentration Profiles in Sediment-Laden Flows

A theoretical analysis of velocity profiles in sediment-laden flows is presented by means of Prandtl-Karman mixing length theorem. The study shows that the upward velocity of liquid-phase caused by settling sediment leads to the invalidity of the log-law and Rouse equation. The theoretical analysis takes into account the upward velocity and shows: 1) the mean velocity in sediment-laden flows follows the log-law, but the Karman constant reduces in the main flow region, 2) sediment concentration reduces the mixing length of fluid particles, 3) flow resistance reduces with the presence of sediment concentration, and 4) the sediment concentration profile deviates from the well know Rouse equation. The experimental data agree well with the equations derived on the basis of non-zero wall velocity. It is found that the wall-normal velocity should not be neglected for density gradient flows because it induces more than for pure water flows.     

The responses of CO_2 to El Nino and La Nina in different seasons along 22°-18°N line

1 INTRoDUcTIONThe study results from Nov. 1986 to Aug. 1990 in sea area (ll5"E - 165"E, 20"N -l0"S) during TOGA experiments, indicated that there were outstanding responses of differenceof partial pressure of CO, between sea and air (APCO,) and total dissolved concentrationof CO, (TCO,) to El Nino and La Nina in NW region of the Western Tropical Pacific,including the cruise lines from ll4ofy 22"N to l30"E, l8"N and that from l8"N to 8"N,along l30"E. The characteristics of dis…     

A case study on fine weather in Western Antarctic Peninsula

1 INTRODUcrIONGreat Wall Station (62"I2'S, 58"57'W), the Chinese Antarctic statidn, situates atKing George IsIand of the western Antarctic Peninsula area with typicaI sulypolar oceancIimate. On the upper level, the area is in the polar front zone where the coId polar airand warm southern temper8te air meet; on the surface it is on one of the POlar cycIonepaths prevailing by cold westerly drift current. So it is frequentIy rainy and foggy insummer and bIowing-snowy and snow-stOrmy i…     

Parallelization Load Balance Strategy for a Global Grid-Point Model

The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) is a new-generation operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model developed by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA).It is a grid-point model with a code structure different from that of spectral models used in other operational NWP centers such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF),National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP),and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA),especially in the context of p...     

1949～2005年海南岛登陆热带气旋的若干变化特征

利用热带气旋(TC)年鉴资料和海南岛逐日降水量资料,对海南岛57a登陆TC年频数、强度、登陆位置、活动时间、登陆维持时间、登陆TC降水量的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,海南岛登陆TC年频数有显著减少趋势,但登陆时TC的平均强度和极端强度都有增强趋势,这主要归功于南海登陆海南岛的热带低压年频数的显著减少和强热带风暴的弱增加;登陆TC具有准3a的周期,而南海登陆海南岛的TC具有准3a、准5a的周期,西太平洋登陆海南岛的TC具有准13a和准3a的周期;海南岛登陆TC的登陆点位置有南移趋势,80年代中期以来在海南岛最南端地区登陆的TC频数明显增多;登陆TC的活动时间和登陆维持时间均有弱的缩短趋势;登陆TC暴雨与登陆时TC强度成显著负相关关系而和登陆维持时间有显著正相关关系,但登陆时TC强度对暴雨的影响强于登陆维持时间;登陆TC年降水量呈减少变化趋势,其中登陆风暴和强风暴的年降水量有增多趋势,登陆热带低压和登陆台风年降水量均有减少趋势。     

东亚夏季风的自然变率——NCAR Cam3模拟结果分析

利用季节循环的全球观测海表温度及海冰驱动NCAR Cam3全球大气环流模式的100a模拟结果,通过定义东亚夏季风指数,分析了模拟的大气内部变化中东亚夏季风的变化特征。结果表明:模拟的东亚夏季风自然变率主要表现为3~7a较显著的年际周期,并具有较明显的年代际变化特征。在弱夏季风年代,亚洲大陆海平面气压增强,日本附近及东亚沿海地区海平面气压降低;500hPa位势高度上,欧洲地区为负高度距平,里海附近地区为正高度距平,日本及其以东太平洋为负高度距平,易形成类似欧亚(EU)型的遥相关波列。在强夏季风年代,其环流异常分布基本与弱夏季风年代相反。模拟的东亚夏季风变化与夏季大气内部500hPa高度场上EU型遥相关波列的关系密切。     

Submillimeter/millimeter observations of the high-mass star forming region IRAS 22506+5944

The mapping observations of CO J = 2-1, CO J = 3-2, 13 CO J = 2-1 and 13 CO J = 3-2 lines in the direction of IRAS 22506+5944 have been made. The results show that the cores in the J = 2-1 transition lines have a similar morphology to those in the J = 3-2 transition lines. Bipolar molecular outflows are verified. The prior IRAS 22506+5944 observations indicated that two IRAS sources and three H 2 O masers were located close to the peak position of the core. One of the IRAS sources may be the driving source ...     

ON CHANGES OF CHINA'S MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES IN 1951——1990

Based on China's observational data in 1951-1990,after minimizing the possible biasescaused by station relocation and urban heat island,the spatial and temporal distributions of trendsfor maximum and minimum temperatures are studied.The results show that increasing trends ofmaximum temperatures are in the areas west to 95°E,and north to the Huanghe(Yellow)River,while decreasing trends exist in eastern China south to the Yellow River.Minimum temperaturesare generally increasing throughout China,with dominant warming trends at the higher latitudes.This resulted in very obvious decreasing trends in diurnal temperature ranges.The periodic cycles are consistent between the maximum and minimum temperatures,butasymmetric trends are very obvious.The significant increase of minimum(nighttime)temperaturesreflects the evidence of enhancement of greenhouse effect.Further analysis shows that the changesof maximum and minimum temperatures are mainly related to sunshine duration and atmosphericwater vapor content.