Measurement of rock mass deformation with grouted coaxial antenna cables

Summary Techniques presented herein show how reflected voltage pulses from coaxial antenna cable grouted in rock masses can be employed to quantify the type and magnitude of rock mass deformation. This measurement is similar to that obtained from a combined full profile extensometer (to measure local extension) and inclinometer (to measure local shearing). Rock mass movements deform the grouted cable, which locally changes cable capacitance and thereby the reflected wave form of the voltage pulse. Thus, by monitoring changes in these reflection signatures, it is possible to monitor rock mass deformation.This paper presents laboratory measurements necessary to quantitatively interpret the reflected voltage signatures. Cables were sheared and extended to correlate measured cable deformation with reflected voltage signals. Laboratory testing included development of grout mixtures with optimum properties for field installation and performance of a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) monitoring system. Finally, the interpretive techniques developed through laboratory measurements were applied to previously collected field data to extract hitherto unrealized information.     

广东省海岸表层沉积物的重矿物特征及其与沉积环境的关系

广东省海岸表层沉积物中的重矿物近40种。含量较高的有钛铁矿、赤矿铁、磁铁矿、话石、电气石、黑云母和普通角闪石等。自生矿物主要为硬石膏、自然铜、黄铁矿及菱铁矿。这些矿物来自附近的母岩。根据物源性质不同,可将不同岸段重矿物区分为陆源矿物组合、近源-自生矿物组合和近源矿物组合三种:除物源控制外,重矿物含量、种类、形态特征及其在平面上的分布主要受沉积环境影响。据此,可将重矿物分布类型划分为河口型、海湾型和海岛型三类,且与上述不同矿物组合性质相对应。     

Holocene environmental change inferred from the loess–palaeosol sequences adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, China

Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO₃ and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems.     

文化消费者对黄梅戏展演空间感知的模式与价值寻求：方法−目的链理论的应用

以安庆黄梅戏会馆和再芬黄梅公馆为例,基于方法?目的链理论模型,解读文化消费者对黄梅戏展演空间属性的感知评价、层次处理和价值导向的转变。研究发现：不同层次的空间属性在文化消费者的感知与体验中实现着新的组合与重构,由此形成了基于舞台展演内容、文化呈现形式以及演出环境氛围为主体的3种空间感知模式。结合文化消费者感知的心理结构与路径,黄梅戏展演空间被消费者建构为娱乐空间、情感空间和社交空间,空间的多元化意义和价值得到彰显。方法?目的链理论从消费者的感知与需求出发,探索文化空间意义生成路径,实现了文化空间与消费者之间的双向信息交换。     

蓝身大斑石斑鱼染色体核型分析

为了解蓝身大斑石斑鱼(Epinephelus tukula)的细胞生物学特征,作者采用体内注射PHA培养肾细胞法对蓝身大斑石斑鱼染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明,其染色体核型为2n=48t,属于石斑鱼属鱼类典型的高位类中原始类群,是石斑鱼属进化过程中出现较早的物种。     

基于生态系统的海洋管理理论与实践

海洋孕育了丰富的生态系统服务功能,包括为人类提供多种海产食物、净化海洋环境和提供宜人景观及发展空间等。随着工程科技水平的提高,人类对海洋资源和空间的开发利用越来越多、越来越快,对海洋生态系统的影响也越来越大,这一问题在我国尤为突出。近20年来一些发达国家通过推行基于生态系统的海洋管理(MEBM),在海洋生态系统的框架下规范和管理开发活动,特别是在解决区域性海洋管理问题方面取得了一定成效,值得我们借鉴。概述了海洋生态系统及其服务功能,回顾了海洋开发中存在的问题以及MEBM的发展历程,系统阐述了MEBM的原则和措施,剖析了国内外MEBM的成功案例,探讨了在中国实施MEBM的必要性和前提条件。近年来,我国依据海洋功能区划来管理海洋开发已取得一定的成果。建议以此为基础,强化相关生态科学研究及相应技术和法规支撑,从而为我国海洋经济可持续发展提供保障。     

城市地震应急避难场所展示系统的设计与实现

针对城市应急避难场所信息化建设过程中存在的问题,以天津市地震应急避难场所的实际情况为数据基础,开发了基于Google地图API技术的城市地震应急避难场所展示系统。该系统实现了应急避难场所信息查询、地图量测、避难场所最优路径和应急避险科普宣传等公共服务功能。系统的设计与实现不仅有利于城市居民及时方便准确地获取居住地周围地震应急避难场所空间分布信息和应急避险等知识,同时在城市突发灾害后的抢险救灾、疏散及安置居民等方面起到重要作用。     

基于雷达资料的定量降水预报外推算法试验

摘要：目前贵州在短时临近降水预报客观算法方面研究匮乏,而短时强降水常常给贵州造成严重的洪涝灾害和地质灾害。将短时临近降水预报应用于气象防灾减灾、电网输电线路安全预警、水利防洪自动化方面是未来重要的研究应用方向。本文基于灾害天气短时临近系统（Severe Weather Automatic Nowcast System,SWAN）的定量降水预报(QPF)产品进行0～2小时QPF外推试验研究。利用贵州省地面自动站数据、SWAN 输出的1h-QPF产品、SWAN 1h定量降水估测(QPE)产品。选取2018年3次典型暴雨个例进行试验,采用融合订正技术,利用相似离度算法对降水强度位相进行调整、Weibull分布算法对降水极值分布进行订正、改进后的交叉相关法(Improved Cross-correlation Extrapolation Method,COTREC)进行降水外推预报。通过主客观检验对比,初步说明基于Weibull分布算法的降水极值订正对降水极值分布有很好的模拟效果。融合订正外推的贵州省短时临近定量降水预报产品（Nowcasting precipitation forecast of GuiZhou,下文简写为GZ_NPF）在大于5mm以上量级降水的TS检验中评分更高。GZ_NPF的空报率明显降低,但空报率降低的代价是漏报率相对提高。GZ_NPF总的相对误差减小,格点总降水量与实况总降水量更为接近。试验说明新的融合订正外推算法提高了0～2h短时临近降水的预报能力。     

相空间反演方法在表层水温预报中的应用

利用相空间理论及方法对渤、黄、东海共4个站位近十几年的旬平均SST进行分析。结果表明：表层水温具有混饨特性，其吸引子关联维数平均约为1．23、嵌入相空间维数为6（渤、黄海）和7（东海178号站位）、二阶Renyi熵平均约为3．7×10-4（1／d）及平均可预报时间尺度平均为27个点；基于以上分析结果运用相空间反演方法建立了旬平均SST的反演模型，并且在试预报的前5旬的最大相对误差约为4．2％。     

芦山M7．0地震余震分布特征

使用双差定位方法,对2013年4月20日08时02分芦山 M 7．0地震后近10天的余震进行重新定位,获得精度较高的重定位结果;在此基础上,对余震空间分布特征进行研究,推测芦山主震的发震断层可能为大川-双石主断裂东侧的一条次级隐伏逆冲断层。