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61.
Dongguan (东莞) City, located in the Pearl River Delta, South China, is famous for its rapid industrialization in the past 30 years. A total of 90 topsoil samples have been collected from agricultural fields, including vegetable and orchard soils in the city, and eight heavy metals (As, Cu, Cd,Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and other items (pH values and organic matter) have been analyzed, to evaluate the influence of anthropie activities on the environmental quality of agricultural soils and to identify the spatial distribution of trace elements and possible sources of trace elements. The elements Hg, Pb, and Cd have accumulated remarkably here, incomparison with the soil background content of elements in Guangdong (广东) Province. Pollution is more serious in the western plain and the central region, which are heavily distributed with industries and rivers. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the pollution of heavy metals in topsoils in the study area. The results of cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis (FA) show that Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and As are grouped in factor F1,Pb in F2, and Cd and Hg in F3, respectively. The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent rocks. The second factor could be referred to as "industrial and traffic pollution sources". The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities ,ad a consequence of agricultural fossil fuel consumption and atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
62.
Xuemei Cheng Shuyun Cao Junyu Li Zunpu Yu Yanlong Dong Meixia Lv Junlai Liu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(8):1023-1041
Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especially since the late Oligocene it widely suffered high-temperature ductile shear deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks from the deep crust to the shallow surface. Based on the previous research and geological field work, this paper presents a detailed study on deformation and metamorphism, and exhumation of deep metamorphic rocks within the Diancangshan metamorphic massif, especially focusing on the low-temperature overprinted retrogression metamorphism and deformation of mylonitic rocks. With the combinated experimental techniques of optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction attachmented on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence, our contribution reports the microstructure, lattice preferred orientations of the deformed minerals, and the changes of mineral composition phases of the superposition low-temperature retrograde mylonites. All these results indicate that: (1) Diancangshan deep metamorphic rock has experienced early high-temperature left-lateral shear deformation and late extension with rapid exhumation, the low-temperature retrogression metamorphism and deformation overprinted the high-temperature metamorphism, and the high-temperature microstructure and texture are in part or entirely altered by subsequent low-temperature shearing; (2) the superposition of low-temperature deformation-metamorphism occurs at the ductile-brittle transition; and (3) the fluid is quite active during the syn-tectonic shearing overprinted low-temperature deformation and metamorphism. The dynamic recrystallization and/or fractures to micro-fractures result in the strongly fine-grained of the main minerals, and present strain localization in micro-domians, such as micro-shear zones in the mylonites. It is often accompanied by the decrease of rock strength and finally influences the rheology of the whole rock during further deformation and exhumation of the Diancangshan massif. 相似文献
63.
64.
钻进过程实时状态监控与事故诊断专家系统:人工智能在钻井工程中的?… 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了钻进过程实时状态监控与事故诊断的人工智能方法-专家系统,给出了实现钻进过程实时状态监控与事故诊断专家系统的总体思想,以及如何建立综合数据库,产生式规则和控制策略的具体方法和步骤,试验证明这种方法切实可行,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
65.
在地表和埋藏条件下溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙是碳酸盐岩油气储层重要的储集空间。为探究孔隙的溶蚀改造机理及其控制因素,通过柱塞样,开展了0.2%的乙酸环境中鲕粒白云岩的溶蚀实验,实验温度和压力范围分别为40~160 ℃和10~50 MPa。实验采取连续取样获得溶液中Ca2+与Mg2+离子含量,通过CT 成像技术获取溶蚀反应前后孔隙图像并运用分形与多重分形方法定量分析孔隙在二维和三维空间上的非均质性。研究表明,溶蚀过程中,鲕粒白云岩溶蚀液中[Ca2++Mg2+]浓度在实验开始时最低,之后稳步上升并在120 ℃、40 MPa时达到最大值,而后缓慢下降,溶蚀窗范围出现在70 ℃(20 MPa)~120 ℃(40 MPa)之间。二维和三维微观孔隙结构在空间上的分布具有显著的多重分形特征,溶蚀作用使得孔隙的不规则性减少、孔隙的奇异范围缩减。这些结果对于认识近地表和深埋藏条件下溶蚀作用对碳酸盐岩储层孔隙的改造强度及孔隙的动态演化规律具有重要的理论及实际意义。 相似文献
66.
Several structure sets (faults and folds) are characterized by their self-similarity properties. Herein, we discuss the degrees of complexity of fractures by introducing the box-counting fractal dimension of faults as a key criterion to be used in comprehensive fuzzy analysis model for evaluation of the complexity of structures. Totally, eight criteria including density, intensity, length of faults, types and box-counting fractal dimension of faults, the intersection angle between faults and coal beds, gradient coefficients, dip angles of the coal beds, and variation coefficients of dip angles of the coal seams, were used for the evaluation purpose. The grey fuzzy comprehensive assessment model was used to rank the relative importance of these criteria. Scores indicating the complexity of structure were calculated on the base of criteria values and their weights for each sub-area of the study area in the Pansan (潘三) coal mine district in the southern Anhui (安徽) Province, China. The result on the calculated complexity of structure is useful for mining planning in the study area. 相似文献
67.
东亚大陆边缘的板块重建与构造转换 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
东亚大陆边缘中新生代期间的动力学演化始终是地质研究的难点和热点,特别是对其大陆边缘性质、类型和演化过程始终不明朗,并存在巨大争论。系统综述了40多年来已有东亚大陆边缘二叠纪以来板块重建的主要方案,特别是近10年来东亚陆缘新的研究成果,侧重探讨了晚三叠世以来东亚大陆边缘类型转换、不同构造域的交接-转换过程。认为东亚陆缘总体经历了三叠纪前的被动陆缘阶段、晚三叠世-早白垩世的大陆岩浆弧发育的安第斯型活动陆缘阶段、早白垩世晚期-始新世的走滑拉分盆地发育的安第斯型活动陆缘阶段和渐新世以来的日本型活动大陆边缘阶段。这对于认识中国东部海域渤海湾、黄海、东海和南海盆地成因具有指导意义。同时,分析了各阶段海-陆分布特征及其变迁规律、板块格局变动过程及其动力学背景。 相似文献
68.
在江西于都砂岩、泥岩成土母岩地质背景区,采集分析了61组水稻、花生样及其根系土样品,结果发现:水稻硒平均含量为0.062 μg/g,水稻根系土硒平均含量为0.39 μg/g;花生硒平均含量为0.051 μg/g,花生根系土硒平均含量为0.44 μg/g。此外,水稻和花生的富硒率分别为30.00%和16.10%,对应根系土硒含量超过0.4 μg/g的样品占36.07%。相关分析表明,根系土硒含量与TFe2O3、MnO、TOC、S、烧失量、N、CaO、MgO、Na2O含量呈正相关,与SiO2含量呈负相关。农作物硒含量与土壤总硒、有效硒、TOC、铁锰氧化物、钙镁氧化物、硫含量呈正相关,据此建立了富硒农作物的地球化学适生模型。研究表明,在成土母质为砂岩、泥岩的地质背景下,开发富硒农产品不仅要依据土壤总硒含量,还需考虑土壤有效硒、TOC、铁锰氧化物、钙镁氧化物、硫含量等多项指标。 相似文献
69.
70.
西藏班戈地区化探数据的多重分形特征及其成矿意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分形理论为精细研究地质体的复杂性结构提供了新的视角,已有研究表明元素含量在地球化学场中的分布具有分形或多重分形特征。应用元素"含量-面积"分形模型定量描述了西藏班戈地区8种微量元素的分形特征,其中W表现为低富集连续多重分形模式,其他7种元素表现为高浓集连续多重分形模式;应用"含量-面积"双对数分维数D值并结合地质背景分析认为区内Au、Sn两元素有一定的成矿潜力;与矽卡岩有关的Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag等多金属均有较好的成矿潜力,其中Cu元素的成矿潜力最大、Mo、Pb、Ag等元素成矿潜力较好、Zn元素成矿潜力相对较差;区内W元素的成矿潜力不大。 相似文献