对厄尔尼诺事件和海洋环流的数值模拟研究

用太平洋海洋环流模式，模拟研究热带太平洋海温和环流的年际变化特征和机制．用观测的逐月风应力强迫模式，模拟１９７１～１９９５年发生的主要厄尔尼诺事件．说明风应力异常对厄尔尼诺生成起主要作用．对海温异常峰值附近３个月海温和洋流的综合分析表明：在厄尔尼诺事件时，１６０°Ｗ以西温跃层上升，以东温跃层下降，温跃层的东西倾斜显著变小．同时沿赤道的垂直环流圈减弱，中东赤道太平洋涌升流、海表层向西的赤道洋流和次表层向东的赤道潜流都减弱且厚度减小；在反厄尔尼诺时，情况则相反．     

Ecological risk assessment of eutrophication in Songhua Lake, China

The Songhua Lake in the Northeast China is chosen as a study case in this paper. Monitoring of samples and analysis 18 indexes related to the eutrophication in the Songhua Lake had been conducted in 2002–2004. Ecological risk assessment methods are employed here. The study results showed that total phosphorus and total nitrogen were main risk factors to impact on the eutrophication of the Songhua Lake, and influence of the phosphorus on the lake eutrophication was larger than that of nitrogen. Algal growth potential test was also conducted to validate the results. High phosphorus and high nitrogen concentrations were mostly distributed in Huifahekou and Jiaohe sites of the Songhua Lake. Threshold values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and Chl-a concentrations from dose-effective examination were 0.065 mg/L, 0.843 mg/L, and 11.90 μg/L, respectively. The probability of the eutrophication appeared in the Songhua Lake was 0.69, of them, risk-free type area was 19.21% of total lake area, slight risk type area was 30.10%, middle risk type area was 16.50%, heavy risk type area was 25.8%, hyper risk type area was 8.39%. In order to control the eutrophication in the Songhua Lake, maximum permission discharges of total phosphorus and total nitrogen to the lake would be 2,123.78, 7,018.82 t/a, respectively.     

山东、辽宁金伯利岩中石榴石的类型、标型特征及其与金刚石的关系

金伯利岩中的镁铝榴石是寻找金刚石的重要指示矿物。镁铝榴石的Cr2O3、CaO等氧化物含量及其颜色、折光率等物理光学性质可作为这种石榴石的标型特征。 本文将山东、辽宁等地金伯利岩中的石榴石的电子探针分析结果按分子数配分的方法计算了端员分子百分数及其他化学参数。用MPV—1显微光度仪测定了石榴石的透射率色散值,通过计算求得颜色指数。按Dawson等人的分类,本次研究样品以铬镁铝榴石为主,其次是低钙-铬镁铝榴石、钙铬-镁铝榴石和镁铬-钙铬-镁铝榴石;钛镁铝榴石和钙镁铝-铁铝榴石等少量。作者用铬、钙、镁三组份数绘制了石榴石与金刚石关系判别图解,分为五个区(A、B、C、D、E)、落入A区的低钙-铬镁铝榴石、铬镁铝榴石和钙铬-镁铝榴石等与金刚石的形成关系最密切。     

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川—黄龙地区奥陶系风化壳储层特征及主控因素研究

以岩心观察、薄片鉴定及测井资料解释为基础,结合孔隙充填物地球化学参数分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地宜川—黄龙地区奥陶系上组合风化壳储层特征及储层发育主控因素进行了研究。储层岩性主要为白云岩类及次生灰岩。储集空间以硬石膏结核溶模孔为主,溶蚀孔洞、晶间孔次之,裂缝对储层储渗性能具有一定的改善作用。储层具有低孔、低渗特征,孔隙度2%的居多(占73.8%),渗透率0.01×10~(-3)μm~2的最多(占86.6%)。储层发育主要受沉积相和成岩作用控制:处于相对高能环境的砂屑滩、(含)硬石膏结核白云岩坪是优质储层发育的有利相带;岩溶作用及白云石化作用是主要的建设性成岩作用,与之伴生的充填作用、压实作用及次生灰化作用是主要的破坏性成岩作用。     

资源型城市土地利用变化与湿地生态安全响应--以黑龙江省大庆市为例

黑龙江省大庆市作为典型的资源型城市(以石油资源、草场资源和耕地资源发展起来),是人地关系作用最强烈的区域之一,也是土地利用发生急剧变化且具有特色的区域.揭示本区域土地利用的时空变化特征和变化规律,探讨土地利用变化引发的生态安全问题,对于资源型城市生态环境改善,产业结构调整及实现资源型城市可持续发展尤为重要.为此,本研究基于大庆市1978、1988、1992、1996和2001年5个时段的MSS和TM影像,获取20a来不同时期的土地利用信息.以GIS技术为数据集成分析平台,计算湿地景观格局指数和各湿地景观类型的时空转移过程,以期从景观格局的角度定量刻画区域湿地景观过程对土地利用变化的响应和由此产生的湿地生态安全威胁.结果表明,区域内耕地不断增加,建设用地的扩大,以及湿地盐碱化和草甸化过程,是湿地减少的重要原因之一;土地利用造成的湿地景观分割、景观破碎和景观迅速减少,对生物多样性安全、水资源安全和人类健康安全等产生威胁;因而,应根据人类与自然共生原理,对不同湿地进行景观生态的分析、评价、规划和设计,逐步恢复原有的自然湿地景观,使其发挥多种湿地功能.     

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Snow Cover Days in Northeast China in the Past 40 Years and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors

The snow cover days were extracted out of the snow data on depth distribution from 1979 to 2016 in China, combined with temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunlight and wind speed and other meteorological data, by taking advantage of traditional statistical methods and GIS spatial analysis methods, to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover days in northeast China region in the past 40 years, and to analyze their relationship with climatic factors. It turned out that the average annual snow cover days were 93 d in northeast China region, having an increasing trend, the rate was 0.6 d/10a, and the maximum average annual snow cover days appeared in 2013. Snow cover days in spring dominate the changes of the average snow days all year around. The snow cover days in northeast China region were affected by latitude, geography and land-sea thermal difference, which gradually decreased from north to south, and the maximum value appeared in the Da Hinggan area. Precipitation, humidity and snow cover days are positive correlation, and temperature, wind speed and sunlight are negative correlation. The correlation between climatic elements and snow cover days is as follows: temperature>humidity>wind speed>sunlight>precipitation. The influence of climatic elements on the seasonally frozen ground region is more significant than that in the permafrost region. The results show that temperature is the main factor that affects the average annual snow cover days in northeast China region.     

大量采沙对东江下游及东江三角洲河床地形和潮汐动力的影响

The sand dredging and its impacts on riverbed evolution and tidal dynamic change in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River are examined in this paper. The large amount of sand, totally 3.32 billion m^3 from 1980 to 2002, was mined from the riverbeds of the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River. Increasing of the channel capacity, lowering of the average riverbed elevation, deepening of the water depth and decreasing of the longitudinal riverbed gradient are the main effects on the riverbed evolution brought by the large amount of sand dredging. Under the strong sand dredging and associated significant riverbed deformation, the notable changes of the tidal dynamic in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River occurred, including： （1）in the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River delta and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, tidal level dropped apparently, tidal range widened, flood tidal duration became longer, amplitudes for major tidal components became bigger and tidal dynamics intensified; （2） tidal wave spread faster; and （3） the limits of the tidal level, tidal current and salt water moved upstream.     

海图人工地物信息处理工具包的设计与实现

目前,利用互联网发布和获取航海通告已经成为一种常态化模式,而海图生产部门和用户主要延用了手工选择、摘录、检查和入库等操作来处理和应用通告信息,这种方式制约了海图改正和更新工作的效率.以海图人工地物要素为主要研究对象,基于ArcMap软件、ArcGIS Add-In组件和ArcPython编程语言等开发环境,设计了互联网...     

The oldest angiosperm—a tricarpous female reproductive fossil from western Liaoning Province, NE China

The fossil plant female reproductive organs each with a tricarpous were collected from the Yixian Formation, Chaoyang district, western Liaoning Province. The geological age of the Yixian Formation here is believed to be Late Jurassic, which places this fossil as the oldest angiosperm currently known. Its morphological characters are distinct from other known angiosperm reproductive organs as it has 3 ovaries, each with a terminal style and an apical stigma. 9 such organs compose a cyme. As this morphological arrangement is unique to this plant, a new genus and species has been established, namedChaoyangia liangii gen. et sp. nov. Project supported by the Special Finances of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the special item of the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China).     

黑龙江省植被大气调节功能时空分布特征

为研究生态系统对环境大气气体调节的贡献,应用碳税法和造林成本法,该文对2000—2010年黑龙江省农田、草地、灌丛等7类生态系统的大气调节功能价值进行估算,分析其时空分布特征。结果表明,2000—2010年黑龙江省净初级生产力逐年退化,下降的面积为127 811km~2,占总面积29.79%,在伊春市、哈尔滨市东部、牡丹江市等地表现得尤为明显;2000—2003、2004—2007、2008—2010年3个时段年均大气调节功能价值分别为1 366.16、1 342.45、1 275.68亿元,呈下降趋势,2008—2010时段较前两个时段价值下降幅度增大;空间上呈现出西南和东南向西北方向递减的趋势;价值构成上表现为阔叶林落叶针叶林草地针阔混交林农田灌丛其他类型。