Numerical Calculation of Equivalent Cell Permeability Tensors for General Quadrilateral Control Volumes

A new method for upscaling fine scale permeability fields to general quadrilateral-shaped coarse cells is presented. The procedure, referred to as the conforming scale up method, applies a triangle-based finite element technique, capable of accurately resolving both the coarse cell geometry and the subgrid heterogeneity, to the solution of the local fine scale problem. An appropriate averaging of this solution provides the equivalent permeability tensor for the coarse scale quadrilateral cell. The general level of accuracy of the technique is demonstrated through application to a number of flow problems. The real strength of the conforming scale up method is demonstrated when the method is applied in conjunction with a flow-based gridding technique. In this case, the approach is shown to provide results that are significantly more accurate than those obtained using standard techniques.     

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的伸展变形

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系在区域上以单一的叶理和单一的拉伸线理占主要地位，其变形带的组构主要反映了透入性的伸展变形；根据显微构造分析表明早期由北往南推覆，晚期由南向北伸展，且晚期表现非常明显。     

Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...     

Numerical modeling of lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined compact difference scheme

This study presents two-dimensional direct numerical simulations for sediment-laden current with higher density propagating forward through a lighter ambient water.The incompressible NavierStokes equations including the buoyancy force for the density difference between the light and heavy fluids are solved by a finite difference scheme based on a structured mesh.The concentration transport equations are used to explore such rich transport phenomena as gravity and turbidity currents.Within the framework of an Upwinding Combined Compact finite Difference(UCCD)scheme,rigorous determination of weighting coefficients underlies the modified equation analysis and the minimization of the numerical modified wavenumber.This sixth-order UCCD scheme is implemented in a four-point grid stencil to approximate advection and diffusion terms in the concentration transport equations and the first-order derivative terms in the Navier-Stokes equations,which can greatly enhance convective stability and increase dispersive accuracy at the same time.The initial discontinuous concentration field is smoothed by solving a newly proposed Heaviside function to prevent numerical instabilities and unreasonable concentration values.A two-step projection method is then applied to obtain the velocity field.The numerical algorithm shows a satisfying ability to capture the generation,development,and dissipation of the Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities and turbulent billows at the interface between the current and the ambient fluid.The simulation results also are compared with the data in published literatures and good agreements are found to prove that the present numerical model can well reproduce the propagation,particle deposition,and mixing processes of lock-exchange gravity and turbidity currents.     

一种能大量消耗粉煤灰的多孔材料的初步研究

以武汉青山热电厂的粉煤灰为原料制作多孔材料.其中的两种样品的孔隙率分别为45.8%和61%.该材料可作为一种消音和隔热材料用于高速公路和城乡建设, 从而大量消耗粉煤灰以达到保护环境的目的      

小浪底水库断裂构造分析与诱发地震预测

对小浪底水库区城崖地，塔底，石井河等主要活动断层的基本特征作了 简要介绍，采用断层强度分析法分别估算了小浪底水库蓄水前和一些断层面的抗滑稳定系数，对库区地震活动性，应力状态，岩溶和岩体渗透性等诱震条件进行了分析，对水库诱发地震的最大震级和可能的震中位置进行了初步预测。     

Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau,China

To maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km²·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km²·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P < 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km²·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km²·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金塔鸳鸯池灌区地下水动态演变及其对环境影响

金塔盆地属甘肃省河西走廊沙漠化强烈发展地区,倘若水资源利用不当更加加剧沙漠化过程。因此,合理开发利用地下水资源是本区农业生产持续发展和环境保护的关键问题之一。本文作者建议以盆地为整治单元,全面规划、定向控制,坚特以开源与节流结合,"蓄、引、灌、排、补"并举,综合整治山、水、田、林、路。统一管理地表水与地下水开发利用,并建立绿洲防护体系,以建立高效稳定的农业生态绿洲。     

青藏高原北羌塘他念他翁山吉塘岩群酉西岩组时代的确定

关于位于青藏高原北羌塘地区的吉塘岩群是否属于前寒武纪变质岩系历来存在较大争议,对其形成年龄一直缺少有效同位素年代学限定.通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质潜仪)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得他念他翁山一带吉塘岩群酉西岩组石英绿泥片岩(原岩为中性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为965±55Ma,绿片岩(原岩为中基性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为1048.2±3.3Ma,表明吉塘岩群酉西岩组原岩形成时代为蓟县纪末一南华纪初.吉塘岩群酉西岩组可能代表Rodinia超大陆裂解早期伸展期间火山沉积作用的地质记录.     

湖北麻城市四道河地区面理化含榴花岗岩的成因

野外和室内研究结果表明,四道河地区面理化含榴花岗岩由古生代沉积岩变质而成.在元素地球化学特征上,具有与岩浆成因的碱性花岗岩一致的特点:高硅(SiO2=75.24％ ～ 77.23％)、富碱(Na2O+ K2O =6.87％ ～8.84％)、低铝(Al2O3=11.00％ ～ 12.78％);富Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Pb,贫Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;稀土元素含量较高(ΣREE=101.08～180.1 μg/g),轻稀土元素相对富集(LREE/HREE=3.1 ～ 6.8),铕有中等负异常( δEu=0.30～0.68);锆石成因类型及定年结果表明,老核(继承锆石)是异地多时代(元古代-古生代),其寄主岩的原岩是沉积岩,时代不会早于古生代.