杭州市伏、秋旱灾害风险区划

根据杭州市1959-2010年降水资料、自然环境以及社会经济要素,综合致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾环境及防灾减灾能力,构建区域干旱灾害风险评价模型。通过ArcGIS空间分析技术结合模糊综合评价法,编制以100 m＆#215;100 m栅格为基本评价单元的杭州市伏、秋旱灾害风险区划图。区划结果表明,淳安西北部、建德中南部、桐庐中部、富阳南部、临安东部以及余杭、主城区,伏旱、秋旱灾害风险均较高。     

The response of warm-season precipitation extremes in China to global warming: an observational perspective from radiosonde measurements

Consensus has been reached that precipitation extremes vary proportionally with global warming. Nevertheless, the underlying cause and magnitude of these factors affecting their relationships remain highly debated. To elucidate the complex relationship between precipitation extremes and temperature in China during the warm seasons (May through September), a 60-year (1958–2017) record of hourly rain gauge measurements, in combination with surface air temperature, RH, precipitable water (PW), and convective available potential energy (CAPE) collected from 120 radiosonde stations were examined. Spatially, the scaling relationship between precipitation extremes and temperature exhibits a large geographic difference across China. In particular, the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) and sub-CC relationships tend to occur in northwest (ROI-N) and southeast China (ROI-S), whereas the super-CC relationship is found to mainly concentrates in central China (ROI-C). Additionally, the response of precipitation extremes to temperature becomes more sensitive as precipitation intensity increases, shifting from CC to super-CC at a certain point of inflection that varies by geographic regions. This shift occurs at approximately 15 °C in ROI-C and ROI-N, but at around 20 °C in ROI-S. Within the temperature range of the super-CC slope, the PW rises with the increases in temperature, whereas the CAPE decreases with rising temperature, which is contrary to the monotonic scaling of precipitation with temperature. From the perspective of interannual variation, the precipitation extremes correlate positively with temperature. This further confirms the notion that global warming, through jointly affecting PW and CAPE, is able to considerably regulate precipitation extremes.     

吉林省春季人工增雨潜力及指标的数值模拟研究

利用吉林省业务运行的中尺度数值模式WRF3.3.1,分析了2016年4月12日吉林省一次春季降水过程的人工增雨潜力,选取比湿、上升气流、K指数、冰面过饱和度、云水厚度共5种与人工增雨潜力密切相关的指标,作为吉林省春季人工增雨潜力判别的因子。结果表明：吉林省春季850 hPa比湿和K指数与降水量存在相关关系,比湿小于2.9 g·kg^-1几乎不产生降水,产生2 mm以上的降水比湿几乎均大于4.5 g·kg^-1,K指数大于22℃。将850 hPa比湿大于4.5 g·kg^-1、K指数大于22℃、积分云水含量大于0.2 mm、高层冰面过饱和度大于0和低层垂直速度大于0.4 m·s^-1作为强增雨潜力区的指标,并利用春季其他个例对该指标进行检验,发现该指标基本能够表征云内的动力、热力和微物理条件,可以作为人工增雨潜力区的判别指标。     

气象旅游资源评估方法与应用研究

在对国内气象旅游资源评估方法分析研究的基础上,从气象旅游资源相关因素中,筛选出了7个指标,创建了气象旅游资源评估指标体系,提出了评估方法。计算每个评估指标的实际数值并进行标准化处理。采用专家咨询和层次分析法相结合的方法对评估指标体系中的每一级指标赋予相应的权重,最终构建出气象旅游资源评估模型。在实例研究中,以大连为例,选取葫芦岛、东港、鞍山和岫岩等4个城市为对照,结合多年的气候统计数据,分别计算5个城市的气象旅游资源评估指数,并进行横向对比分析,找出各城市气象旅游资源的优势和不足。     

Guptasarma线性滤波算法在CSAMT一维正演中的应用

CSAMT法一维正演问题,其核心运算是对汉克尔变换的求解,目前主要使用数值滤波方法进行求解,求解过程中使用给定长度的滤波系数进行累加运算.滤波系数的选取,影响着正演计算的精度和速度.这里使用Guptasarma线性滤波系数,并给出具体实现方法.经过正演模型验证,发现这套方案可以在较短的滤波系数长度基础上,与正演模型拟合...     

基于分布式水文模型的区域“四水”转化

根据天津市现状,利用中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所近期针对强人类活动地区,尤其是复杂的农田系统开发的分布式水文模型——MODCYCLE模型,构建了天津市MODCYCLE模型,并对天津市"四水"转化特征进行了定量分析。结果表明:天津市"四水"转化过程受社会侧支水循环的影响较大,有地表产流少、土壤补给大消耗量大、地下水超采以及入境水和外调水利用率高等特点。当地地表水已不能满足区域用水需求,现状条件下通过消耗上游来水量和外调水量保证区域用水,未来虽然还有南水北调工程补水,但仍需要执行严格的水资源管理制度才能逐步减少地下水超采,增加入海水量。     

高有机质输入对底栖有孔虫的抑制作用——以西北太平洋菲律宾海MD06-3054孔为例

底栖有孔虫古生产力指标-底栖有孔虫堆积速率(Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate,简称BFAR)和小泡虫超科的Uvigerina与Bulimina两属在种群中的百分含量(简称"U+B含量")是目前古海洋学研究的常用方法.然而,从MD06-3054孔的记录中发现,两指标与有机质输入之间不仅不存在很好的线性关系.而且当有机质输入大于阀值时,两指标均随沉积物中总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,简称TOC)含量的增加而明显地降低,说明过高有机质的输入还会抑制底栖有孔虫的生长和繁盛.另外,还发现当TOC含量较高时,U+B含量指标较BFAR指标相对更适用.     

Two Types of Strike-Slip and Transtensional Intrabasinal Structures Controlling Sandbodies in Yitong Graben

Recently,the researches on structure controls on sandbodies have provided a new method for predicting petroleum reservoirs.The Yitong(伊通) graben is situated in the northern section of the Tan-Lu(郯-庐) fault system in eastern China.It was characterized by dual properties of strike-slip and extension in Cenozoic.Two types of intrabasinal structures were identified as oblique fault and trans-verse uplift in the graben.The oblique faults arranged en echelon in plain and locally presented nega-tive rosette struct...     

Environmental biogeochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in soil and soil-grown plants of the Hetai goldfield,Guangdong Province,China

Very few studies deal with the biogeochemical behaviors of rare earth elements (REEs) in goldfields. This paper presents the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of REEs within the soil–plant system in the Hetai goldfield, Guangdong, China. The samples from the goldfield region show anomalies in distribution patterns and behavioral characteristics of REES as compared with those from the background areas. The REEs in rocks, soils, and plants prove to be much higher than those in the surrounding regions. The distribution patterns of REEs are characterized by LREE-enrichment and HREE-depletion, with the REE concentrations in Layer A being the highest. Differentiations between LREEs and HREEs may lead to some extent of negative Eu anomaly in the soils. Research results demonstrate that the REEs in a soil profile can be transferred and accumulated during the mineral formation and supergenic geochemical processes, and the anomalies are obviously related to the geological settings for the REE-bearing ore-forming processes and to the geochemical characteristics of the habitats for the REE-bearing plants. For Dicranopteris dichotoma, the total amount of REEs in the tissues shows an order of leaf > root > stem, while for Pinus massoniana the order becomes root > leaf > stem. The distribution patterns of REEs in Pinus massoniana leaves are similar to those in soils where the plants grow up in the mineralization area. However, in the background areas the REE distribution patterns for Pinus massoniana stems are similar to those for soils where the plants grow up. Parameters such as biological absorption coefficients and biological transfer coefficients show the differences in REE absorption features among plants and indicate that REEs can be transferred among plant organs. The two coefficients can reveal the different survival mechanisms for the two plant species, which are subject to long-term REE-affected stress conditions in the gold mineralization zone.     

Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Aspidisca (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Euplotida) revealed by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences

The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rRNA genes were sequenced in six populations of four Aspidisca species, namely A. leptaspis, A. orthopogon, A. magna and A. aculeata. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by means of Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum Parsimony (MP), Neighbor-Joining (NJ), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) to assess the inter- and intra-species relationships within the genus Aspidisca. All trees show similar topologies with stable supports and indicate that: (1) four well known groups, i.e., Oligotrichia, Stichotrichia, Choreotrichia and Hypotrichia, are distinctly outlined within the class Spirotrichea, and all are monophyletic other than Hypotrichia; (2) members of Aspidisca can be distinguished well, based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences, and A. leptaspis and A. magna shared a closer relationship than other species; (3) Aspidisca and Euplotes branch early in the subclass Hypotrichia. To compare the phylogenetic relationships based on different genes, SSU rRNA trees were also constructed with nearly the same species inclusion, which revealed different topologies of inter-species, inter-genera and inter-subclasses.