Characteristics of the Seismic Waves from a New Active Source Based on Methane Gaseous Detonation

Active seismic sources are critical for obtaining high resolution images of the subsurface. For active imaging in urban areas, environment friendly and green seismic sources are required. In present work, we introduce a new type of green active source based on the gaseous detonation of methane and oxygen. When fired in a closed container, the chemical reaction, i.e. gaseous detonation, will produce high pressure air over 150MPa. Seismic waves are produced when high pressure air is quickly released to impact the surroundings. The first field experiment of this active source was carried out in December, 2017 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, where a series of active sources were excited to explore their potential in mine exploration. In current work, we analyzed the seismic waves recorded by near-field accelerators and a dense short-period seismic array and compared them with those from a mobile airgun source, another kind of active source by releasing high pressure air into water. The results demonstrate that it can be used for high resolution near surface imaging. Firstly, the gaseous detonation productions are harmless CO₂ and water, making it a green explosive source. Secondly, the dominant seismic frequencies are 10-80Hz and a single shot can be recorded up to 15km, making it suitable for local structure investigations. Thirdly, it can be excited in vertical wells, similar to traditional powder explosive sources. It can also act as an additional on-land active source to airgun sources, which requires a suitable water body as intermediate media to generate repeating signals. Moreover, the short duration and high frequency signature of the source signals make it safe with no damage to nearby buildings. These make it convenient to excite in urban areas. As a new explosive source, the excitation equipment and conditions, such as gas ratio, sink depth and air-releasing directions, need further investigation to improve seismic wave generation efficiency.     

地闪对崇明地震台地球物理观测的干扰

通过对比崇明地区地闪及崇明地震台地球物理观测资料,发现受地闪引起的电磁场变化的直接作用或对仪器元件的间接作用,地磁、地电、电磁扰动和水位观测干扰比例较高,干扰幅度与地闪距离及形成的电流强度有关。具体干扰形态如下：①对电磁扰动干扰表现为单向突跳和测值的整体抬升;②对地磁测项干扰表现为正负方向的单点突跳;③对大地电场干扰表现为大幅震荡;④对水位观测干扰表现为大幅突跳。     

An Analytical Method for Groundwater Inflow into a Drained Circular Tunnel

Groundwater inflow estimation is essential for the design and construction of tunnel and the assessment of the environmental impacts. Analytical solutions used in current engineering practice do not adequately account for the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, which leads to significant change in pore water pressure distribution and reductions of the water level beyond tunnel. Based on the numerical analysis results, this article proposes semianalytical method to predict the height of lowered water level and groundwater tunnel inflow. The tunnel problem is conceptualized as two‐dimensional flow in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The analytical formula, considering the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, provides a better prediction of the tunnel inflow compared to the existing analytical formulas, even for the cases with inclined groundwater level.     

景泰M_S4.7地震前的定点形变异常

2014年11月15日,在甘肃省白银市景泰县发生MS4.7地震,震源深度10km。在震中附近200km以内,甘肃省地震局共安装架设有14台各类形变观测仪器。本文通过对这些形变观测仪产出的分钟值观测资料做小波分析发现,在地震前1个月内共有11台(套)形变观测仪记录到了异常变化。其中:SSY、TJ、DSQ、SSQ型观测仪记录到异常的同步性非常好;CZB型观测仪记录到的异常比较乱,没有固定的规律。通过对这些异常变化的总结能够为地震预测提供一定的判断依据。     

甘孜-玉树断裂带晚第四纪走滑速率与滑动分解作用

滑动速率是研究断裂运动学特征、地震活动性和区域应变分配的重要参数和依据。前人关于甘孜-玉树断裂带滑动速率的研究结果存在较大差异,因此,其晚第四纪滑动速率有待进一步调查研究。本文基于卫星影像解译和野外实地考察,对甘孜-玉树断裂带西段（玉树断裂）上典型断错地貌点进行测量分析,得到玉树断裂晚第四纪走滑速率为6.6±0.1-7.4±1.2mm/a。通过与前人对甘孜-玉树断裂带东段（甘孜断裂）滑动速率的研究结果进行对比,发现甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段滑动速率不一致,其原因是甘孜断裂的左旋滑移在向西传递的过程中,一部分应变被分配到了巴塘盆地南缘断裂上。巴塘盆地南缘断裂的存在很好地解释了玉树断裂的走滑速率比甘孜断裂偏低的原因。但是,从区域变形来看,巴塘盆地南缘断裂分配的滑动速率恰好说明了甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段及鲜水河断裂带的水平构造变形是协调一致的。     

CSAMT法在四台矿402盘区陷落柱构造探测中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法应用于寻找煤田落陷落柱构造，乃是个新课题。通过对大同矿务局四台矿４０２盘区的野外实际应用，发现了两个陷柱落构造，与实际资料基本吻合。     

富F熔体—溶液流体体系的地球化学性状及成矿效应研究进展

F既是重要的岩浆挥发分, 又是重要的助熔剂和矿化剂, 同时也是克拉克值较大的元素之一, 并且在(铝)硅酸盐熔体中高度可溶.本文从F的常见工业矿物和主要赋存形式、分配行为的多样性、对其它元素分配行为的影响、矿化作用(即亲氟元素在热液体系中的氟化物络合形式、存在环境和沉淀机制等)、萤石和冰晶石的溶解及沉淀机制以及富F岩浆—热液体系的成矿专属性及特征6个方面探讨了F的地球化学成矿作用.结论认为: F必须有能力大量进入与花岗质或伟晶岩质熔体共存的含水流体相中才具有进一步的成矿学意义, 云英岩化、钠长石化、含黄玉—萤石石英脉、具有较高F/CaO比值的残余熔体以及F在高度演化花岗质岩浆中的过饱和等因素均可能导致含矿富F热液的出溶; 但总体上, 富F岩浆—热液体系具有成矿专属性的原因之一仍在于: F首先通过对熔体物理化学性质的影响间接支配着高场强亲氟元素如W、Sn、Nb、Ta、REE、U等的热液成矿效应.     

邻近基坑施工对既有地铁结构影响的分析

针对城市地下空间不断建造和发展的过程中,越来越多出现的基坑邻近既有地铁结构开挖的现象,通过收集国内及广州地区的工程实例,分析了基坑开挖后土体位移场的变化,总结了邻近基坑施工对既有地铁结构的影响,并选取广州农贸园工程,采用有限元分析方法对其进行了三维数值模拟,通过与实测数据对比分析,得出一些能对今后类似工程起到一定借鉴作用的结论.     

四川盆地晚三叠世碎屑组分对物源分析及印支运动的指示

沉积物源分析是认识盆山演化的重要途径.四川盆地上三叠统的砾岩碎屑、砂岩骨架颗粒、碎屑重矿物组分显示,晚三叠世存在5大物源,它们分布于龙门山北段-中段、大巴山、龙门山南段、盆地东南和盆地南部.碎屑物源总体以"再旋回造山带"和"大陆板块"类型为主,其中,龙门山北段-中段和龙门山南段以"再旋回造山带"类型为主,而盆地东南部和南部以"大陆板块"类型为主."再旋回造山带"类型可细分为"混合造山带"及"碰撞造山和褶皱冲断带"两种类型,龙门山北段和龙门山南段均以"混合造山带"及"碰撞造山和褶皱冲断带"类型为特征.盆地物源分布存在阶段性特征:早期,龙门山北段-中段、大巴山物源规模较大,盆地东南和南部规模较小;晚期,盆地东南和南部规模增大,各方向呈均衡分布格局,这与周缘板块构造活动的阶段性有关.晚三叠世,龙门山北段由西北向东南方向挤压,构造活动强度总体具有弱-强-弱的演变趋势.须二期,龙门山北段逆冲-推覆开始形成,并暴露水面遭受剥蚀,向盆地提供物源;须四期为盆地最活跃期,龙门山北段进一步挤压抬升剥蚀,盆内沉积中心也由西北向东南迁移;须四期后,龙门山北段剥蚀区继续向东南推进,但构造活动强度渐趋和缓.     

极谱法测定海水介质的铜络合容量

采用新极谱技术(1.5次微分)的阳极溶出伏安滴定方法测定天然海水的铜络合容量和条件稳定常数。对测试条件、EDTA回收率和有关问题进行了探讨。青岛近岸水样的九次平行测定表明,铜的表现络合容量为3.01×10~(-7)mol/dm~3,条件稳定常数为7.34×10~7,相对标准偏差分别为9.2％和13.8％。