铀矿绿色勘查泥浆随钻处理装备研究

随着环境保护和泥浆性能维护在地质勘查中越来越重要,铀矿钻探施工中对泥浆的净化处理提出了更高的要求。针对铀矿钻探单孔施工周期短、设备搬迁频繁和泥浆处理量小的特点,分别提出了一套适合砂岩型和硬岩型铀矿勘查的泥浆随钻处理工艺,并分别研制了2套小体积、模块化和智能化的砂岩型和硬岩型铀矿绿色勘查泥浆随钻处理装备。通过现场试验论证,本装备在铀矿钻探施工中取得了良好的环保效益和经济效益,实现了一次配浆多孔使用和泥浆零排放的目标,节约材料的同时提高了施工效率,从根本上解决了钻探施工中泥浆排放污染环境的难题。经过该设备处理后的泥浆,有害固相大幅度减少,泥浆密度降低,流变性提高,保持了较好的泥浆性能,降低了埋钻、卡钻等孔内事故的发生几率,保证了孔内安全,提高了钻孔质量。设备模块化组装,搬迁运输方便,适用于各种地形和交通条件,可在铀矿钻探施工中推广应用。     

Hoek-Brown准则在岩质边坡稳定分析中的优越性

介绍了最新的用于估计完整岩石或节理岩体剪切强度的半经验准则Hoek-Brown屈服准则。结合岩质边坡工程并基于强度折减法计算边坡安全系数,与等效Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则数值模拟对比,得出Hoek-Brown屈服准则采用基于应力水平的塑性流动法则,考虑了岩体结构、岩块强度、应力状态等多种因素的影响,能很好地反映岩体的非线性破坏特征及机理,符合节理岩体的变形和破坏特点。      

春季东亚副热带西风急流的变化特征及其与中国沙尘天气的关系

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)提供的ERA-Interim全球大气再分析资料及1980-2012年中国北方逐月沙尘暴发生日数资料, 研究了春季东亚副热带西风急流(70°-120°E)的变化特征及其与中国春季沙尘天气之间的关系。结果表明:1980-2012年春季中国上空急流轴存在北移的趋势, 急流中心略向东移, 急流相对强度随年份增强, 与春季沙尘暴发生总站日数的年际变化呈显著负相关。春季沙尘暴多发年, 东亚副热带西风急流有所减弱, 而在哈萨克斯坦东部、蒙古国、中国内蒙古大部分地区及南疆地区等沙尘源地, 200 hPa纬向风速增大; 500、850 hPa风速、位势高度差值场的分布都有利于中国沙尘源地地面风速增大。在中国沙尘源地, 高层西风风速增大, 动量下传, 引起地面大风, 从而容易产生沙尘暴。     

渤南洼陷超压系统划分及结构特征

沾化凹陷的渤南洼陷为富油洼陷, 实测超压出现在沙三、四段, 埋深为2 300~4 200 m。综合大量的地压测试、测井和地质资料, 研究了现今超压分布和超压的测井及地震响应, 对单井、剖面超压发育特征和影响超压结构的地质要素进行了深入分析。超压带内泥岩声波时差偏离正常趋势线, 而泥岩密度没有明显偏低的响应。研究表明:渤南洼陷存在3个超压系统, 上超压系统为浅层沙一段发育的弱超压, 沙三段中下部的强超压构成中超压系统的主体, 下超压系统位于沙四段中;砂质质量分数大于20%的沙二段为常压。超压源层、低渗封隔层和断裂构造带3类地质要素控制着超压幅度和超压结构。泥质源岩产生的多相流体是形成超压系统的物质基础;沙一段压实泥岩、沙三中亚段的互层致密砂岩和泥岩、沙四上亚段的膏盐层作为压力系统封隔层, 对超压系统的形成和分布起到控制作用;断裂具有泄压和封堵双重性, 对地层压力和油气层横向分布具有重要影响。利用地震层速度计算得到了渤南洼陷现今大规模超压系统分布特征的整体认识。     

面向稀疏降水站点的套合各向异性贝叶斯地统计估计研究

由于形成过程中各种影响因素在不同尺度上的运行和相互作用,降水的空间变异普遍是发生在多尺度上地理过程叠加后的结果。建立较好地反映该动力学过程的多尺度复杂空间模型对于区域降水变量估计和空间分析是很有必要的,尤其是面向稀疏监测区域。贝叶斯地统计模型具有多尺度结构化建模的能力,提供了一种可以融合观测值(含有误差的外在实现)、未知变量、先验信息和复杂数据模型(隐藏的真实过程)的统计推断框架。鉴于降水现象在尺度和各向异性上的叠加特征,本研究将基于贝叶斯和地统计的理论和方法探讨二维随机场中存在的套合各向异性分解估计的可行性,并在对每个独立组分贡献定量计算的基础上,进一步分析和挖掘套合各向异性模型在降水插值中的应用潜力。结果表明:通过贝叶斯方法,稀疏数据中叠置的多尺度性和多方向性通过地统计套合模型可以得到有效的分解;复杂套合模型估计具有向下兼容简单套合模型的能力;套合各向异性协方差结构的使用对于区域降水插值的精度提升具有明显作用。     

VB嵌入式编程在地面沉降信息处理中的应用

研究VB平台下嵌入Surfer和AutoCAD Voloview控件的编程技术,分析探讨地面沉降监测信息的可视化方法,实现地面沉降区域等值线图和三维立体表面图的自动绘制和显示,为地面沉降信息可视化分析和管理提供了一种简捷、高效的途径。     

Origin of migmatite granite and its relations to iron deposits—An experimental study

Experiments have been conducted over a wide range of temperatures and pressures (300°–950°C, 500–2000 bars) in an attempt to gain some better understanding of the geological features of Precambrian migmatite granites and banded iron formation (BIF) widespread in Northeast China. Results indicate that the BIF of Anshan type is unstable under the action of sufficient alkaline solutions with some iron or aluminum silicates formed at the expense of quartz. Rock melting experiments show that the initial melting temperatures of phyllite, biotite plagioclase gneiss and migmatite granite range from 630° to 640°C, but those of BIF and plagioclase amphibolite are 150°–200° C higher. The authors suggest that migmatites in this region have resulted from partial melting and metasomatism. With respect to the relationship between migmatization and iron deposits, it has been experimentally revealed that the migmatites will not “digest” the BIF if they are separated by other wall rocks. But melting to various extents will take place in the BIF where migmatites are in direct contact with it. Additionally, the BIF will even become richer in iron under favorable conditions. This information may probably help guide our efforts to prospect for Precambrian iron deposits in regions with extensive occurrence of migmatites.     

Combinatorial analysis on spatial information statistics for the karst water environment in Guiyang, China

The karst groundwater system is extremely vulnerable and easily contaminated by human activities.To understand the spatial distribution of contaminants in the groundwater of karst urban areas and contributors to the contamination,this paper employs the spatial information statistics analysis theory and method to analyze the karst groundwater environment in Guiyang City.Based on the karst ground water quality data detected in 61 detection points of the research area in the last three years,we made Kriging evaluation isoline map with some ions in the karst groundwater,such as SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+and F -,analyzed and evaluated the spatial distribution,extension and variation of four types of ions on the basis of this isoline map.The results of the analysis show that the anomaly areas of SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+,Fand other ions are mainly located in Baba’ao,Mawangmiao and Sanqiao in northwestern Gui- yang City as well as in its downtown area by reasons of the original non-point source pollution and the contamination caused by human activities(industrial and domestic pollution).     

Evaluation of the RPC Model for Ziyuan-3 Three-line Array Imagery

Ziyuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite is the first civilian stereo mapping satellite in China and was designed to achieve the 1: 50,000 scale mapping for land and ocean. Rigorous sensor model (RSM) is required to build the relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) object space and two-dimensional (2D) image space of ZY-3 satellite imagery. However, each satellite sensor has its own imaging system with different physical sensor models, which increase the difficulty of geometric integration of multi-source images with different sensor models. Therefore, it is critical to generate generic model, especially rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) of optical imagery. Recently, relatively a few researches have been conducted on RPCs generation to ZY-3 satellite. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the performance of RPCs generation from RSM of ZY-3 imagery. Three scenario experiments with different terrain features (such as ocean, hill, city and grassland) are designed and conducted to comprehensively evaluate the replacement accuracies of this approach and analyze the RPCs fitting error. All the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the encouraging accuracy of better than 1.946E?04 pixel in both x-axis direction and y-axis direction, and it indicates that the RPCs are suitable for ZY-3 imagery and can be used as a replacement for the RSM of ZY-3 imagery.