黑龙江省与呼伦贝尔盟土地类型的划分及其分布规律

本文就土地研究的几个主要概念,即土地、土地分类、土地分级作了简要讨论,并结合黑龙江省及呼伦贝尔盟的具体条件,对为农、林、牧业服务的土地分类原则进行了初步探讨,还拟订了该区土地分级系统——土地类和土地型,及适合于大比例尺制图的土地组。在此基础上,将全区分为18个土地类、71个土地型。文章还从水平带性、垂直带性和土地结构三个方面,介绍了该区土地类型分布的一般规律。     

基于脱钩模型的煤炭城市可持续发展动态分析——以徐州市为例

促进经济与环境协调是煤炭城市可持续发展的关键和核心。采用物质流分析、脱钩分析和分解分析等方法,深入分析了1995—2007年徐州市经济增长与资源环境之间的脱钩类型、可持续状态及驱动因素。结果表明:研究期内徐州市DMI和DPO的年均增长率分别为2.74%和0.91%,而GDP年均增长率为12.62%,二者之间呈较为明显的正相关关系,而物质代谢效率的提升又使其发展方式呈现向资源节约型、环境友好型发展模式转型的趋势;资源投入、废物排放与经济增长之间均出现弱脱钩现象,表明徐州经济系统正处于显著的弱可持续发展态势;经济规模扩大和技术效应抑制作用减弱是引起煤炭城市资源环境约束性增强、可持续发展降低的主要驱动因素。     

北京零售业的空间分布及影响因素

零售业是生活性服务业的重要组成部分,传统零售业通常通过零售商业网点形式展开。零售商业网点具有数量多、分布广、差异大等特点,其区位选择不仅影响居民的生活品质,也关乎商业网点空间布局的合理性。北京中心城区的零售业整体及其各细分行业均呈现出显著的空间集聚态势,集聚中心主要沿长安街及其延长线分布。影响零售业的区位选择因素包括交通通达性、地价成本、消费市场规模、消费偏好、政策引导、城市商业发展历史等。近年来,随着零售业与互联网的深度融合,零售业区位选择的影响因素及其作用方式不断发生变化,需要更多关注“新零售时代”对零售业空间布局的影响。     

基于因子分析法的河西走廊五市旅游竞争力分析

在对河西走廊五市旅游业发展情况进行研究的基础上,从旅游产业发展规模、产业增长潜力和产业环境等3个方面选取了28个指标,通过因子分析法对每个指标数据进行加权,然后通过定量分析法比较各城市旅游竞争力.结果 表明:河西五市中,旅游竞争力顺序依次为酒泉、武威、张掖、嘉峪关、金昌.最后对河西走廊各市旅游竞争力进行了比较分析,并针...     

Spatial and temporal variability of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in surface waters of arid,mountainous Central Asia

Characterization of spatial and temporal variability of stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) of surface waters is essential to interpret hydrological processes and establish modern isotope–elevation gradients across mountainous terrains. Here, we present stable isotope data for river waters across Kyrgyzstan. River water isotopes exhibit substantial spatial heterogeneity among different watersheds in Kyrgyzstan. Higher river water isotope values were found mainly in the Issyk‐Kul Lake watershed, whereas waters in the Son‐Kul Lake watershed display lower values. Results show a close δ¹⁸O–δ²H relation between river water and the local meteoric water line, implying that river water experiences little evaporative enrichment. River water from the high‐elevation regions (e.g., Naryn and Son‐Kul Lake watershed) had the most negative isotope values, implying that river water is dominated by snowmelt. Higher deuterium excess (average d = 13.9‰) in river water probably represents the isotopic signature of combined contributions from direct precipitation and glacier melt in stream discharge across Kyrgyzstan. A significant relationship between river water δ¹⁸O and elevation was observed with a vertical lapse rate of 0.13‰/100 m. These findings provide crucial information about hydrological processes across Kyrgyzstan and contribute to a better understanding of the paleoclimate/elevation reconstruction of this region.     

白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶的规模

白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶对白云岩体古岩溶储渗体的形成至关重要。表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶可形成地表残积层和表层之下大小不等的溶蚀空间。地表残积层与上覆盖层间可成为油气的储渗空间和通道,表层之下大小不等的溶蚀空间则可被塌积岩、冲积岩、填积岩和淀积岩充填,但其内常可保存部分孔隙,并为后来的埋藏溶解提供流体扩溶的初始空间和流体流动的通道。野外露头和井下岩心中的大量现象和事实说明,白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳的规模远小于石灰岩体。最主要原因是白云岩(石)可溶性远较石灰岩(方解石)小,同样组构的白云岩的物理力学强度亦较石灰岩小。白云岩体本身的岩性和组构、层理类型、泥质含量、构造裂隙的发育程度等都会影响裸露期古风化壳的规模。     

The effect of cement material properties on the fracture patterns developing within cement-covered brittle sphere under impact

Acta Geotechnica - Dynamic loading experiments of single glass bead cement-covered by epoxy resins of different compositions demonstrate the existence of diverse fracture patterns under similar...     

Spatial and temporal analyses of air pollutants and meteorological driving forces in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region,China

Due to its negative impact on the living environment of human beings, ambient air pollution has become a global challenge to human health. In this study, surface observations of six criteria air pollutants, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃, were collected to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during 2013–2016 and to explore the relationships between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological variables using quantile regression model (QRM) and multiple linear regression model (MLRM). The results show that BTH region has experienced significant air pollution, and the southern part generally has more severe conditions. The annual average indicates clear decreasing trends of the particulate matters, SO₂ and CO concentrations over the last 4 years and slight increasing trends of NO₂ and O₃ in several cities. The seasonal and monthly characteristics indicate that the concentrations of five species reach their maxima in the winter and their minima in the summer, whereas O₃ has the opposite behaviour. Finally, the pseudo R² values show that the QRMs have the best performance in the winter, followed by spring, fall, and summer. Specifically, all the meteorological factors have significant impacts on air pollution but change with pollutants and seasons. The MLRM results are generally consistent with the QRM results in all seasons, and the inconsistencies are more common in the fall and winter. The results of this research provide foundational knowledge for predicting the response of air quality to climate change in the BTH region.     

山东半岛石笋记录的倒数第二次冰消期δ18O变化特征及其气候环境意义

文章基于山东半岛岩溶洞穴(上小峰洞)一根长约41 cm的石笋SD1的铀系测年和稳定同位素组成分析,获得138. 0~125. 8 ka B. P.平均分辨率为30年的石笋δ18O 和δ13C时间序列,并据此讨论了倒数第二次冰消期区域气候和环境变化的特征及与全球变化的联系.在倒数第二次冰消期,上小峰洞石笋( SD1)δ18O的变化与中国南方石笋δ18O的变化具有类似的阶段变化特征,进一步确认了冰消期北大西洋气候对亚洲季风的重要影响.通过对山东石笋高分辨δ18O记录进行时间序列分析,发现该记录存在显著的约60年、 75年和1620年周期,表明太阳活动和北大西洋涛动与该地区气候变化有紧密的联系.同时,通过对比东亚季风区高分辨率石笋记录,认为在倒数第二次冰消期为"两步冰消"的变化特征.除此之外,上小峰洞石笋碳酸盐δ18O冰期和间冰期平均值的差异仅为0. 7‰,远小于内陆洞穴石笋碳酸盐δ18O冰期和间冰期平均值的差异(羊口洞约为1. 4‰,董哥洞约为2. 2‰,三宝洞约为2. 4‰).这一显著差异可能主要源于海岸线迁移造成的海陆格局的变化对区域季风降水及降水氧同位素组成的重要影响;并且冰期-间冰期海平面变化对近海环境记录、大陆架下垫面、海洋沉积物气候指标等都可能产生影响.     

FTIR spectroscopy of Ti-chondrodite,Ti-clinohumite,and olivine in deeply subducted serpentinites and implications for the deep water cycle

Separated olivine grains from a deeply subducted serpentinized wehrlite (Changawuzi in the western Tianshan ultrahigh-pressure belt, China) were analysed with unpolarized transmission FTIR and the Ti contents were determined using LA-ICP-MS. The major bands in the olivine spectra display striking similarities to Ti-clinohumite and are interpreted as OH in lamellae. The quantification of the water content in lamellae requires calibration of the IR-absorption for such bands. We have obtained a new absorption coefficient for Ti-clinohumite of 0.125+/?0.017 ppm cm² based on polarized FTIR measurements on three orthogonal sections through a large single crystal of Ti-clinohumite from Val Malenco, which has a known water content of 1.53 wt%. The resulting water content in olivine using this calibration factor ranges from 440 to 2,600 ppm and correlates positively with the Ti content that ranges from 130 to 1,400 ppm. For the quantification of the water content in Ti-chondrodite and Ti-clinohumite that are associated with olivine, we developed a new method using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. Ti-chondrodite and Ti-clinohumite display similar IR bands at ~3,562, 3,525 and ~3,583–3,586 cm^?1. As in olivine, the water content and Ti content correlate in both Ti-clinohumite and Ti-chondrodite, indicating an intergrowth of these minerals, which has been confirmed by TEM analyses. Our results confirm previous suggestions that there is a strong correlation between the Ti content of ultramafic rocks and their capacity to transport water to the deeper mantle in subduction zones beyond conditions where hydrous phases are stable.