基于P5立体像对和高分辨率Google Earth影像的丽江-小金河断裂断错地貌解译

丽江-小金河断裂斜切中国西南“川滇菱块”,走向北东,为一高角度斜滑断裂.与平面遥感影像相比,通过三维影像解译断错地貌有显著的优越性.印度P5卫星数据具备真正2.5m分辨率,在制图方面,像对生成DEM以及制图精度可达1∶25000.本文依据立体像对提取DEM的原理,利用ENVI软件DEM Extraction模块提耿出了丽江-小金河断裂带P5立体像对的DEM.文中利用等高线套合分析法和剖面线法对DEM精度进行评价,结论认为,DEM精度优于1∶5万地形图等高线高程精度,而且与实时动态差分（RTK）测量结果比较一致.文章重点选取了丽江市北东方向干塘子和西南方向南溪盆地两处,将三种高程数据——从P5立体像对提取出的DEM、google earth影像地形高程和1∶5万矢量地形图等高线生成的DEM,结合Google Earth影像做成三维立体影像,较为直观地对三种高程数据进行了有效的对比,结论认为,P5立体像对生成的DEM精度最高.在室内利用高精度三维立体图对丽江-小金河断裂断层地貌进行了解译,经过野外踏勘和探槽验证,证明三维影像解译具有很高的利用价值.     

村镇建设用地再开发数字化监管与空间决策支持系统研究

针对村镇建设用地再开发业务流程复杂、过程跟踪困难、监管技术薄弱、辅助决策欠缺等问题,本文采用3S技术、数据仓库技术、智能视频监控技术、多媒体视频无线网关技术、工作流定制技术,重点突破了多方位于一体的实时监控、多源异构数据融合、数据动态更新机制,以及村镇建设用地再开发空间决策与辅助支持模型及技术难题,建立了基于3S的村镇建设用地再开发数字化监管与空间决策支持系统;实现了对村镇建设用地项目建前、建中、建后进行全过程监管,并针对再开发业务中的规划与现状对比、宗地占用及基准地价分析、潜力评价等需求,提供了空间决策及辅助支持,以实现村镇建设用地再开发全过程、全业务类型的数字化管理及空间决策支持,促进村镇建设用地再开发的健康、规范、有序、稳步发展。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组震积岩及其地质意义

通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。     

树轮记录的青海柴达木盆地过去2800年来的极端干旱事件

利用在青海柴达木盆地建立的祁连圆柏树轮宽度指数年表,分析了自公元前800年以来树轮所记录的该地区2800年来极端干旱事件的变化。研究发现,过去2800年来极端干旱事件的出现存在群发性和间歇性的特点,其中魏晋南北朝时期(公元3世纪至4世纪)和明清时期(15世纪中叶至19世纪)是极端干旱事件的群发期,公元5世纪至12世纪的800年内极端干旱事件的出现频率较低。出现在西汉末年、东汉初年前后的持续性干旱是柴达木盆地过去2800年内最严重的极端干旱事件。     

雪面温度与地面温度的关系分析

人工地面观测转变为自动地面观测,其观测方法发生了较大的变化.通过平行观测,对鱼台县气象局(2006-2007年)及周边的金乡(2003-2004年)、微山(2004-2005年)的人工站与自动站的地面观测资料进行了对比分析,得出:无积雪状况下,人工站与自动站地面观测数据对比值较小;有积雪状况下,人工观测的雪面温度与自动观测的地面温度具有一定的对比关系.因自动观测的地面温度更能代表实际地面状况,所以,这种对比关系的出现,将为使用地表温度的水文及农业部门提供一个地表温度使用参数β,使这些部门能够更加准确地掌握地面温度的变化规律,从而为地能、地热、地表水的预测与判断提供准确数据.     

RBAC技术在奥运气象服务信息发布系统中的应用

结合2008年北京奥运会气象服务信息发布系统的研发,对比分析了目前数据传输业务系统中几种常用的监控方式,提出了针对奥运气象服务信息发布系统运行状态进行安全、有效、便捷监控问题的解决方案,详细论述了应用基于B/S结构的RBAC技术实现分布式监控功能的原理和方法.     

Effectiveness of farmland transfer in alleviating farmland abandonment in mountain regions

Farmland abandonment is a type of land use change in the mountain region, and this change is under rapid development. Whether farmland transfer can prevent this process and promote the effective allocation of land resources or not is a question worth studying and discussion. With the help of the previous research findings, the objective of this paper was to find out the role of farmland transfer on preventing farmland abandonment, by using the methods of multiple view with two factors, and single factor correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) At village level, a significant negative correlation between farmland transfer and farmland abandonment existed in the study site, with R² = 0.7584. This correlation of farmland with high grade farming conditions presented more outstandingly. The fitted curve for the farmland at Level I had the largest R² at 0.288, while that for the farmland at Level IV had the smallest R² at 0.103. Which indicated that farmland transfer could prevent the abandonment of farmland with high grade farming conditions? (2) At plot level, the abandonment rate of farmland with high grade farming conditions was significantly lower than that of farmland with poor grade farming conditions. It was the lowest at 10.49% for the farmland with Level I farming conditions, whereas the farmland with Level I farming conditions was 26.21%. Abandoned farmland was mainly contributed by farmland with Level IV farming conditions in the study site. (3) At village level, the role of farming conditions on farmland abandonment was insignificant. The univariate correlation analysis revealed that the abandonment ratio was negatively correlated with the proportions of farmland at Levels I and II and their accumulated proportion; however, their R² were small at 0.194, 0.258, and 0.275, respectively. The abandonment of farmland with high farming conditions still existed. The abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were high at 9.96% and 10.60%, respectively. This presented that farmland transfer on behalf of the land rental market was still not developed. (4) However, the village possessed the high rate of farmland transfer, and its rate of farmland abandonment with high grade farming conditions was all lower. When the transfer ratios of farmland were over 20%, the abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were 6.47% and 6.92%, respectively. Farmland abandonment was still controlled by the improvement of land rental market. And the functions of land rental market optimizing the utilization of farmland resources have been presented to a certain degree. (5) To further improve the marketing degree of land rental, the probability of farmland abandonment could be reduced. Especially, their function to farmland with high grade farming conditions was very obvious, and could avoid the waste of farmland resources with high grade farming conditions.     

对我国台湾强震的预警时间研究

本文收集了福建测震台网记录的台湾5.0级以上强震,通过分析震相特征,研究震相的走时规律,进而确定走时模型,采用两步法拟合得出台湾地震震相走时方程,扣除处理用时与网络延时,实现了福建地区对我国台湾地震的预警时间的准确估计,并已被福建省地震预警系统正式采用。     

基于GPS的云南地区活动地块现今运动及应变特征分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件,对云南境内以及川滇交界区域2009年、2011年、2013年3期陆态网络区域网联测数据进行处理,得到欧亚框架下的测站运动速度场。将云南地区划分为4个活动地块及7个次级构造单元,以GPS速度场为约束,建立块体的整体旋转与均匀应变模型(REHSM),采用最小二乘法,得到华南、滇东、滇中、川滇菱块南段、印支、保山及腾冲地块的运动速度。对活动块体运动进行分析,认为云南地块运动方向由SSE向逐渐至SSW向变化,具有顺时针旋转特征,运动幅度由西向东、由北向南逐渐减弱,菱形块体外各块体运动速度大幅衰减。从应变率参数结果看,华南地块、滇东块体主要受SE向压应力场控制,到滇中地块转为SE—SSE向,滇西北地区应力场方向为SSE向,滇西南印支地块为NNW向,滇西南腾冲—保山地块主要受NE—NNE向应力场控制。