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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Akira Tsuchiyama Masayuki Uesugi Kentaro Uesugi Tsukasa Nakano Ryo Noguchi Toru Matsumoto Junya Matsuno Takashi Nagano Yuta Imai Akira Shimada Akihisa Takeuchi Yoshio Suzuki Tomoki Nakamura Takaaki Noguchi Masanao Abe Toru Yada Akio Fujimura 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(2):172-187
In this study, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) microstructure of 48 Itokawa regolith particles was examined by synchrotron microtomography at SPring‐8 during the preliminary examination of Hayabusa samples. Moreover, the 3‐D microstructure of particles collected from two LL6 chondrites (Ensisheim and Kilabo meteorites) and an LL5 chondrite (Tuxtuac meteorite) was investigated by the same method for comparison. The modal abundances of minerals, especially olivine, bulk density, porosity, and grain size are similar in all samples, including voids and cracks. These results show that the Itokawa particles, which are surface materials from the S‐type asteroid Itokawa, are consistent with the LL chondrite materials in terms of not only elemental and isotopic composition of the minerals but also 3‐D microstructure. However, we could not determine whether the Itokawa particles are purely LL5, LL6, or a mixture of the two. No difference between the particles collected from Rooms A and B of the sample chamber, corresponding to the sampling sequence of the spacecraft's second and first touchdowns, respectively, was detected because of the statistically small amount of particles from Room B. 相似文献
42.
43.
Evolution and effect of the stress concentration and rock failure in the deep multi-seam coal mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mingwei Zhang Hideki Shimada Takashi Sasaoka Kikuo Matsui Linming Dou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):629-643
Supports crushing accident occasionally occurs in the protected seam exploitation of deep multi-seam coal mining structure and results in adverse effect to the production. To prevent its recurrence in a newly developed working field, a 3D numerical extraction model was built based on the geologic and mining conditions of Jining coal mine to evolve the changes, state and characteristics of the reconstructed vertical and lateral stress in rock interlayer after protective seam exploitation. Stress release and increase zones of this mining structure were separated. Mining-induced localized stress concentration and the interlayer rock failure behavior were explored. The action of concentrated stress on the hydraulic supports in protected seam was discussed upon the major stress redistribution. Using the infinitesimal strain method, a mechanical model was created to further explore, from the vertical and lateral directions, the cause and mechanism of localized stress concentration and rock failure behavior in rock interlayer. The field investigation was finally performed to verify the numerical and mechanical results, and the essential control measures were proposed to prevent this accident. Key findings of this study bring some new insights into the deep multi-seam coal extraction and help to promote a more reliable underground mining. 相似文献
44.
Hideki Shimada Yanlong Chen Koichi Araki Takashi Sasaoka Kikuo Matsui 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(2):289-297
Based on experimental and numerical investigations, the present paper focuses on under ground scope (UGS) chemical grouting
method that can actually improve the pipeline surrounding foundation to solve pipeline saggy damage. According to the experimental
results, a solution-type injection material could make lager soil deformation, using less total slurry amount than suspension-type
injection material. Therefore, a suspension-type injection material with shorter gel time is more suitable for the UGS method,
making it more effective to reinforce the pipeline foundation and restore pipelines. The results of some patterns of injection
tests revealed relationship between the behavior of the grouting material and the deformation of the soil. It is found that
the material can be injected into a foundation by fracture grouting if the permeation coefficient is lower than 1.00 × 10−3 mm/s. The situation was analyzed by using 2-D finite element method analysis software Phase2, and the analysis result proposes
that the real data and simulation data are nearly the same in impermeable soil. Furthermore, even if the construction object
is permeable soil, it can also be become impermeable soil by two phases grouting: soil improvement grouting and restoration
grouting. 相似文献
45.
A petrological and geochemical study on time-series samples from Klyuchevskoy volcano,Kamchatka arc 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olga?Bergal-Kuvikas Mitsuhiro?NakagawaEmail author Takeshi?Kuritani Yaroslav?Muravyev Nataliya?Malik Elena?Klimenko Mizuho?Amma-Miyasaka Akiko?Matsumoto Shunjiro?Shimada 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(5):35
To understand the generation and evolution of mafic magmas from Klyuchevskoy volcano in the Kamchatka arc, which is one of the most active arc volcanoes on Earth, a petrological and geochemical study was carried out on time-series samples from the volcano. The eruptive products show significant variations in their whole-rock compositions (52.0–55.5 wt.% SiO2), and they have been divided into high-Mg basalts and high-Al andesites. In the high-Mg basalts, lower-K and higher-K primitive samples (>9 wt.% MgO) are present, and their petrological features indicate that they may represent primary or near-primary magmas. Slab-derived fluids that induced generation of the lower-K basaltic magmas were less enriched in melt component than those associated with the higher-K basaltic magmas, and the fluids are likely to have been released from the subducting slab at shallower levels for the lower-K basaltic magmas than for higher-K basaltic magmas. Analyses using multicomponent thermodynamics indicates that the lower-K primary magma was generated by ~13% melting of a source mantle with ~0.7 wt.% H2O at 1245–1260?°C and ~1.9 GPa. During most of the evolution of the volcano, the lower-K basaltic magmas were dominant; the higher-K primitive magma first appeared in AD 1932. In AD 1937–1938, both the lower-K and higher-K primitive magmas erupted, which implies that the two types of primary magmas were present simultaneously and independently beneath the volcano. The higher-K basaltic magmas evolved progressively into high-Al andesite magmas in a magma chamber in the middle crust from AD 1932 to ~AD 1960. Since then, relatively primitive magma has been injected continuously into the magma chamber, which has resulted in the systematic increase of the MgO contents of erupted materials with ages from ~AD 1960 to present. 相似文献
46.
M. Okuno B. Reynard Y. Shimada Y. Syono C. Willaime 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(4):304-311
The densification processes in SiO2 glass induced by shock-wave compression up to 43.4 GPa are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. At first, densification increases
with increasing shock pressure. A maximum densification of 11% is obtained for a shock pressure of 26.3 GPa. This densification
is attributed to the reduction of the average Si−O−Si angle, which occurs first by the collapse of the largest ring cavities,
then by further reduction of the average ring size. For higher shock pressures, a different structural modification is observed,
resulting in decreasing densification with increasing shock pressure. Indeed, the recovered densification becomes very small,
with values of 1.8 and 0.5% at 32 and 43.4 GPa, respectively. This is attributed to partial annealing of the samples due to
high after shock residual temperatures. The study of the annealing process of the most densified glass by in situ high temperature
Raman spectroscopy confirms that relaxation of the Si−O−Si angle starts at a lower temperature (about 800 K) than that of
the siloxane rings (about 1000 K), thus explaining the high intensity of the siloxane defect bands in the samples schocked
at compressions of 32 and 43.4 GPa. The large intensity of the siloxane bands in the nearly undensified samples shocked by
compressions above 30 GPa may be explained by the relaxation during decompression of five- and six-fold coordinated silicon
species formed at high pressure and high temperature during the shock event.
Received: March 30, 1998 / Revised, accepted: August 21, 1998 相似文献
47.
48.
Seasonal appearance ofProchlorococcus was studied by flow cytometry in Suruga Bay, Japan in 1992–1993.Prochlorococcus cells were in high concentrations (>1×104 cells ml–1) from July to October 1992 and September 1993, when the water temperature was over 20°C. The 16S rRNA of the isolated cells showed 98.5% sequence homology with that ofP. marinus (Sargasso strain), indicating that they are the same species. The former has a high divinyl-chlorophyll (DV-Chl.)a/b ratio similar to the Mediterranean strain and different from the Sargasso strain. Maximum concentration ofProchlorococcus at the surface water was 2.5×104 cells ml–1 in August 1992 and their DV-Chl.a accounted for 4.0% of the total chlorophylla. A decrease in cell density to less than 5×103 cells ml–1 was observed from December to May with an exceptional rise in January 1993. WhileProchlorococcus showed a maximum concentration of 3.6×104 cells ml–1 at 10 m depth in September 1992, phycoerythrin (PE)-richSynechococcus spp. were dominant with their maximum concentration of 2.2×105 cells ml–1 in the same water body. On the other hand, phycocyanin (PC)-richSynechococcus spp. and the larger phytoplankters showed maximum concentrations in the surface waters in May and June. BothProchlorococcus and PE-richSynechococcus showed their lowest concentrations in April. A significant positive correlation was obtained between cell concentrations of the PE-richSynechococcus andProchlorococcus. 相似文献
49.
We present a case study of low-level wind jets induced in sequence by orographic effects off the Pacific coast of northern
Japan during 7–11 June 2003, and demonstrate that the transition of the wind jets causes areal differences of wave height
variations along the coast. First, we describe evolution and structure of the wind jet by analyzing SeaWinds scatterometer
wind measurements. Under the easterly wind, a strong wind jet formed after passing by Cape Erimo. As the wind shifted to the
southeast, the wind jet started to decay. In turn, the southerly wind along the coast led to another wind jet in the lee of
the easternmost tip of the Sanriku coast. We then identify onsets and decays of the wind jets from time series of wind speed
at meteorological stations. Finally, we demonstrate that the transition of the wind jets has local impacts on wave height
variations. Significant wave heights measured by altimeters were correlated positively with local wind energy, i.e., squares
of wind speeds. Accompanying the wind jet formation/decline, significant differences of wave height variations became marked
among wave observation stations located along the coast at intervals of up to 50 km. 相似文献
50.
Pi-SAR极化数据与K分布指数估算森林生物量与实验验证 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用2002年和2003年日本Pi-SAR全极化数据,研究日本北海道苫小牧森林地区的森林生物量.雷达后向散射系数随森林生物量的增大而增大并迅速达到饱和,L波段雷达数据饱和点约为40t/hm2,X波段仅约为20t/hm2.在SAR数据统计分布中,K分布的指数参数在饱和点以上仍随生物量的增大而增大,并且HV极化方式时相关性最高.根据交叉极化数据K分布的指数参数与森林生物量的关系,本文估算了23个观测点的森林生物量,结果表明平均准确率为85%.因此该算法可以作为一种新的估算森林生物量的手段. 相似文献