长江—黄河上游源区沼泽湿地遥感动态特征及其成因分析

通过两个时像的对比解译、调查验证和研究,表明长江-黄河上游源区20世纪90年代初至21世纪初的10年中,沼泽湿地总体呈减少趋势。由于自然和人为综合因素的长期作用,使本区沼泽湿地处于萎缩状态。     

从大洋中脊反思大陆漂移说——兼论地球膨裂说

本文通过讨论地幔对流的可能性以及大洋中脊的运动方式,证明了大陆漂移说对大陆漂移的源动力的解释仍存在漏洞,并提出大陆漂移源动力与地球膨裂的关系。对大陆漂移说具有补充性。     

邯邢煤田岩浆侵入及对煤层煤质的影响

根据邯邢煤田岩浆侵入特点,分析岩浆侵入煤系层位与分布规律,岩浆侵入体的产状及岩性特征。邯邢煤田岩浆岩的侵入,不仅破坏了该区煤层的连续性和完整性,减少了煤炭的可采储量,并使煤层的物理性质、化学成分和工艺性能也发生了显著变化,致使煤质变差,煤炭工业价值降低。     

Helium and argon isotopes of the Tertiary basic igneous rocks from Shandong Peninsula and implications for the magma origin

Helium (He) and Argon (Ar) isotopic compositions of the Tertiary basic igneous rocks were determined by the high temperature melting extraction method. The selected samples for the studies included al-kaline basalts and diabases from the Jiyang basin,and the surrounding Shanwang and Qixia outcrops in the Shandong Peninsula,eastern China. The results show that the Paleogene basalts and diabases from the Jiyang basin yielded a wide range of P4 PHe abundance of (73.70-804.16)×10 P-8 Pcm P3 P STP·g P-1 P,with P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios of 0.374-2.959 Ra,which was lower than the MORB but evidently higher than the con-tinental crust value. The Neogene alkaline basalts from the Jiyang basin,Shanwang and Qixia outcrops have variable P4 PHe abundances ((42.34-286.72)×10-8 Pcm P3 P STP·g-1 P),and "continental crust-like" P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios (0.013-0.074 Ra). All of them contain atmospheric-like P40 PAr/ P36 PAr ratio (395.4-1312.7),reflecting the mantle sources with air components. Their low P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios are interpreted as the enrichment of the radiogenic P4 PHe mainly inherited from the mantle. He and Ar systematics show the mixing of MORB-type,air and a P4 PHe enriched member in the mantle source,suggesting that these igneous rocks originated from the depleted asthenospheric mantle mixed with an EMI component. Therefore,the present He and Ar isotopes do not support the viewpoints that the Cenozoic igneous rocks of Eastern North China were the products of mantle plume(s) activities.     

Quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China

205 surface pollen samples from different communities in Northern China were analyzed to understand the quantitative relationship between pollen and its original vegetation. Pollen analysis and vegetation investigation show that the pollen assemblages differ a lot in different vegetation regions. Arboreal pollen account for more than 30% in temperate broad-deciduous forests region. In temperate steppe regions, herb pollen percentages are more than 90%, where Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae are domi- nant pollen types with Artemisia percentages more than 30%. In temperate desert, Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages are more than Artemisia, where ferns are rare. Cyperaceae pollen percentages are more than 20% in sub-alpine or cold meadows. The relations between pollen percentages and vegeta- tion cover indicate that most arboreal pollen shows a close relationship with parent plant covers, most shrubby pollen types have more or less correlations, but most herbs do not show clear correlations. For arboreal pollen types, Picea pollen shows the closest correlation with spruce trees coverage, then is Quercus and Carpinus. Betula, Larix and Juglans have also high correlation coefficients with their plants coverage, but Betula pollen is of overrepresented pollen type and more than 40% in birch forest, while Larix and Juglans pollen is underrepresented and pollen percentages are more than 10% in Larix or Juglans pure forests. Pinus is of overrepresented pollen type, and pollen percentages have some relations with plants cover. Pine forest might present when Pinus pollen percentages are more than 30%. The relations between Ulmus and Populus pollen percentages and vegetation cover are not close, where they are mixed with other arbors, they cannot be recorded easily, but if their pollen percentages are more than 1%, Ulmus or Populus trees should exist. For shrubby pollen types, the correlation be- tween Vitex pollen percentages and vegetation cover is the highest, then is Corylus, Tamariaceae and Nitraria, and their pollen percentages are less than 1% where original plant are absent. Caragana and Spiraea pollen percentages have some relations with vegetation cover. The relations between pollen percentages and vegetation cover are not clear for Rosaceae and Saxifragaceae. For herb pollen types, Cyperaceae pollen has the closest correlation with vegetation cover, where pollen percentages are more than 20% when Cyperaceae are constructive or dominant species in vegetation, and pollen per- centages are less than 5% where Cyperaceae are not constructive or dominant species (cover less than 30%). Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages mainly have close relations with ecological regions. The relations between pollen percentages and cover are not clear for Gramineae, Legumi- nosae and Compositae.     

Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland

Based on data of earthquake sequences with MS≥5.0 in Chinese mainland from 1970 to 2004,for different se-quence types and different rupture modes of the main shock,the relationship between aftershock distribution size Rand the magnitude of the main shock M0 has been studied statistically.Considering the rupture mode of the mainshock,we give the quantitative statistical relationships between R and M0 under 95%confidence level for differentsequence types.Qualitatively,lgR,the logarithm of the aftershock distribution size,is positively correlative to theM0,but the data distribution is dispersed.Viewing from different sequence types,the correlation between R and M0is very weak for isolated earthquake type(IET)sequence,R distributes in the range from 5 to 60 km;For main-shock-aftershock type(MAT),lgR is positively correlative to M0;For multiple main shock type(MMT),the core-lation between lgR and M0 is not very obvious when M0≤6.2 and R distributes in the range from 5 to 70 km,whileit shows a linear correlation when M0≥6.3.The statistical results also show that the occupational ratios of differentsequence types for strike-slip and oblique slip are almost the same.But for dip-slip(mostly are thrust mechanisms),the ratio of MAT is higher than that of IET and MMT.Comparing with previous results,it indicates that,when M0is large enough,R is mainly determined by M0 and there is almost no relationship with the rupture mode of themain shock.     

根据2001年Mw 78可可西里强震InSAR同震测量结果反演东昆仑断裂两侧地壳弹性介质差异

利用2001年 Mw 78 可可西里强震InSAR同震测量结果，反演了青藏高原北部东昆仑断裂两侧地壳弹性介质差异.InSAR测量结果显示断层南侧的同震位移比北侧的大20％～30%.根据人工地震反射剖面建立岩石圈模型，以断层两侧杨氏模量差异和震源破裂深度为反演变量，通过有限元方法模拟实测得到的同震位移剖面.反演得到最佳断层破裂深度为20～22km，断层南侧杨氏模量相对北侧比值为81%～92%.结果表明，断层两侧弹性介质性质存在明显差异，由于构造运动作用，断层南部地壳不及北部地壳坚硬.前人利用地震层析成像和大地电磁测深等手段推断青藏高原内昆仑山断裂以南可可西里－羌塘地块地壳内广泛发育低速高导层，我们通过形变场力学分析得到与此相一致的结果.     

中国大陆中强以上地震余震分布尺度的统计特征

依据1970年以来记录相对完备的MSge;5.0地震序列资料，统计研究了中国大陆余震分布尺度与序列最大地震震级M0及最大地震破裂形式之间的关系. 在95%置信概率下，考虑主震破裂形式， 分序列类型给出了余震分布尺度与M0之间的统计关系. 定性而言，余震分布尺度的对数lgR与M0正相关， 但数据分布较为离散. 分类型来看， 孤立型序列余震分布尺度与M0之间统计相关程度低， 余震分布尺度介于5~60 km之间； 主余型序列lgR与M0正相关； 多震型序列当M0le;6.2时lgR与M0之间相关性不显著，余震分布尺度介于5~70 km之间， 当M0ge;6.3时lgR与M0线性相关. 统计结果还表明， 走滑近走滑及斜滑型主震所导致序列类型比例之间没有显著差异，而倾滑近倾滑型主震（主要为逆断型破裂）所导致的主余型序列所占比例较高， 孤立型及多震型序列所占比例则相对较低. 对比研究显示， 当M0较高时，余震分布尺度主要取决于主震大小而与主震破裂形式关系不明显.      

Ternary geochemical-tracing system in natural gas accumulation

The establishment of geochemical-tracing system of gas generation and accumulation is helpful to re-elucidating the gas migration and accumulation in time and space. To deduce the complex process of gas accumulation, a ternary geochemical-tracing system is set up, according to stable isotope inheritance of source rocks, kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes, time-accumulating effect of noble gas isotopes, mantle-derived volatile inheritance, and organic molecule inheritance of light hydrocarbons and thermally kinetic fractionation in their generation, in combination with the previous achievements of gas geochemistry and geochemical parameters of gas-source correlation. There are tight interactions for the geochemical parameters with much information about parent inheritance and special biomarkers, in which they are confirmed each other, reciprocally associated and preferentially used for the requirement so that we can use these geochemical parameters to effectively demonstrate the sources of natural gas, sedimentary environments and thermal evolution of source rocks, migration and accumulation of natural gas, and rearrangement of natural gas reservoirs. It is necessary for the ternary geochemical-tracing system to predict the formation of high efficient gas reservoir and their distribution in time and space.     

郴州华塘煤矿采空区地面塌陷的影响因素及防治措施探讨

郴州华塘煤矿采空区地面塌陷的影响因素是采矿方法、煤层特征(厚度、产状和埋深)、顶板岩石力学性质、地表水和地下水综合作用的结果.采矿方法的改进和煤柱的留设与保护是防治塌陷的主要措施,监测工作是不可缺少的重要手段.