华东地区测震学指标异常配套和中强震对应关系初探

本文分析了部分地震学指标的物理意义。通过对华东地区1970年以来14个指标的全时间扫描,并使用华东地区Ms≥5.0地震进行对应,结果表明,选取Rm值、b值和AC值进行同步异常分析,能显著提高华东地区的有震报震率,但有漏报。对目前华东地区异常集中区(南黄海及其沿岸地区)进行时间扫描,结果显示该异常集中区未出现同步异常,认为该区域短期内发生中强地震的可能性不大。     

日光温室电暖风机加温效果评估与经济投入分析

日光温室加温是改善冬季日光温室作物生长温度环境的主要措施之一。选择典型节能型日光温室,利用暖风机加温试验研究加温方式作用下温室内温度时间、空间变化以及在极端天气条件下和不同外界温度条件下的加温效果,并进行经济投入分析。结果表明：电暖风机加温后温室内温度明显提高且温度分布较均匀,平均温度较对照温室高4.23 ℃,其中平均最低温度提升效果最明显;低温天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.24 ℃;寡照天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.48 ℃。暖风机在外界温度-12 ~-4 ℃时对温室进行加温的效果最佳。通过对几种传统的温室加温方式经济投入的分析表明,电暖风机是一种投资小,耗能低,经济效益相对较高的加温方式。     

Oil source analysis of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation in Chepaizi area,in the northwest margin of Junggar basin

Well che89, located in the Chepaizi area in the northwest margin of Junggar basin, acquires high production industrial oil flow, which is an important breakthrough in the exploration of the south foreland slope area of Junggar basin. The Chepaizi area is near two hydrocarbon generation depressions of Sikeshu and Shawan, which have sets of hydrocarbon source rock of Carboniferous to Jurassic as well as Upper Tertiary. Geological and geochemical parameters are proper for the accumulation of mixed source crude oil. Carbon isotope, group composition and biomarkers of crude oil in Upper Tertiary of well Che89 show that the features of crude oil in Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation are between that of Permian and Jurassic, some of them are similar to these two, and some are of difference, they should be the mixed source of Permian and Jurassic. Geochemical analysis and geological study show that sand extract of Lower Tertiary Wulunguhe Formation has the same source as the crude oil and sand extract of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation, but they are not charged in the same period. Oil/gas of Wulunguhe Formation is charged before Upper Tertiary sedimentation, and suffered serious biodegradation and oxidation and rinsing, which provide a proof in another aspect that the crude oil of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation of well Che89 is not from hydrocarbon source rock of Lower Tertiary.

     

四川芦山7.0地震和汶川8.0地震震源区地壳岩石圈变形特征分析

地壳和岩石圈变形特征研究对于深入了解中强地震的深部孕震环境具有重要科学意义.本文联合P和S波远震接收函数偏移成像结果,对发生过芦山7.0地震和汶川8.0地震的龙门山断裂带及附近区域地壳和岩石圈结构进行分析.结果揭示出在青藏高原向四川盆地过渡的龙门山断裂带,Moho面和岩石圈底界面(LAB)呈现出强烈变形,特别是芦山地震和汶川地震震源区下方地壳出现了错断、下凹,岩石圈也呈现下凹变形特征.这种地壳及岩石圈变形所代表的高应力的积累可能是汶川和芦山地震发生的重要深部地球动力学背景.     

安徽省东至地区金矿类型及找矿方向

安徽省东至地区位于扬子陆块北缘,跨下扬子前陆带和江南隆起带两个次级构造单元,独特的大地构造环境造就了本区有利的金矿成矿地质条件,形成多种类型的金矿床,其成因类型主要包括岩浆热液型和风化壳型,工业类型主要有破碎带蚀变岩型、含金石英脉型、微细粒浸染型及红土型。各类型金矿分类聚集,形成两个主要的金矿成矿带。沿赵家岭断层带以破碎带蚀变岩型为主,伴有含金石英脉型,中畈—戴家一带,赵家岭—杨家山一带均具较大找矿潜力,是本区金矿勘查重点地区,九华庄等地也具一定的找矿潜力;沿高坦断裂以微细粒浸染型为主,伴有破碎带蚀变岩型及红土型,查册桥地区是其重点勘查区,铜锣尖、小河等地找矿潜力也较大。     

Development and verification of the comprehensive model for physical properties of hydrate sediment

Natural gas hydrate is widely distributed all over the world and may be a potential resource in the near future, whereas hydrate dissociation during the development affects wellbore stability and drilling safety. However, the present modeling of hydrate reservoir parameters ignored the influence of effective stress and only considered the hydrate saturation. In this paper, a series of stress sensitivity experiments for the unconsolidated sandstone were carried out, and the influence of mean effective stress on physical parameters was obtained; a comprehensive model for the physical parameters of hydrate reservoir was developed subsequently. With the help of ABAQUS finite element software, the established comprehensive model was verified by the use of the wellbore stability numerical model of hydrate reservoir. The verification results show that ignoring the effect of mean effective stress on the parameters of hydrate formation aggravates the invasion of drilling fluid into the hydrate formation. Besides, ignoring the stress sensitivity of reservoir physical parameters will underestimate the wellbore instability during hydrate drilling, which will be a threat to the safety of gas hydrate drilling. At the end of the drilling operation, the maximum plastic strain of the model for considering and not considering stress sensitivity was 0.0145 and 0.0138, respectively. Therefore, the established comprehensive model will provide a theoretical support for accurately predicting the engineering geological disasters in hydrate development process.     

基于ＷＡＰ指数的长江流域及其以南地区干旱气候特征分析

根据长江流域及其以南地区１９４站１９５８—２００７年共５０ａ的逐日降水资料,利用ＷＡＰ指数对该区域干旱的主要特征进行综合分析．对各季节ＷＡＰ指数的多年平均分布特征、ＷＡＰ指数的长期变化趋势、区域平均的ＷＡＰ指数变化特征等空间分布特征进行分析,并对基于ＷＡＰ指数的干旱开始时间空间分布特征和干旱持续时间的变化特征进行分析．结果表明：通过ＷＡＰ指数表征的降水量具有明显的地域性差异和季节性差异;该区域夏冬季节降水量有增大趋势,不易发生持续干旱情况,而春秋季节降水量的长期趋势明显减少;该区域春秋 两个季节干旱开始和持续的时间存在显著季节性差异及南北和东西地域性的显著差异．     

武汉市2018年4—9月臭氧及其前体物非线性关系研究

近年来武汉市臭氧污染日益严峻,成为影响空气质量达标的瓶颈,弄清臭氧及其前体物非线性关系是臭氧防控的关键和基础.本研究基于武汉中心城区2018年4—9月臭氧及其前体物在线观测数据,分析出武汉市臭氧浓度受前体物和气象条件等因素的共同影响,呈较为明显的季节变化和日变化特征.观测期间武汉市大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）平均体积分数为32.5×10^-9,烷烃是武汉市VOCs的主要组分,其次是含氧VOCs （OVOCs）和卤代烃.利用基于观测的模型定量分析臭氧与前体物之间的关系,发现削减VOCs会引起臭氧生成潜势的显著下降,而削减氮氧化物则会使臭氧生成潜势升高,说明武汉市臭氧生成处于VOCs控制区.在人为源VOCs中,间/对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的相对增量反应活性（RIR）最高,是影响臭氧生成的关键组分.     

Position-domain integrity risk-based ambiguity validation for the integer bootstrap estimator

Integrity monitoring for ambiguity resolution is of significance for utilizing the high-precision carrier phase differential positioning for safety–critical navigational applications. The integer bootstrap estimator can provide an analytical probability density function, which enables the precise evaluation of the integrity risk for ambiguity validation. In order to monitor the effect of unknown ambiguity bias on the integer bootstrap estimator, the position-domain integrity risk of the integer bootstrapped baseline is evaluated under the complete failure modes by using the worst-case protection principle. Furthermore, a partial ambiguity resolution method is developed in order to satisfy the predefined integrity risk requirement. Static and kinematic experiments are carried out to test the proposed method by comparing with the traditional ratio test method and the protection level-based method. The static experimental result has shown that the proposed method can achieve a significant global availability improvement by 51% at most. The kinematic result reveals that the proposed method obtains the best balance between the positioning accuracy and the continuity performance.     

格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观发育特征及保护对策

格萨拉地区地质遗迹景观资源较为丰富,其中以岩溶地貌景观最为典型。其类型主要有落水洞、溶洞、暗河、石林、湿地、盲谷等。本文从格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观的空间分布、规模、数量、面积等方面,详细阐述了格萨拉岩溶地质遗迹景观的发育特征。针对该区岩溶地貌的破坏现状,结合其他地质遗迹景观,提出了通过建立地质公园及开发旅游来保护该区的岩溶地质遗迹景观,提出了在开发中应采取的相应保护措施。