Abrupt light changes and multiperiodicity in Be stars: EW Lacertae revisited

The combined 1983 campaign and Seoul data on the variable Be star EW Lac is reanalyzed. CLEANing of the Fourier transform of the present time series clearly shows more than a single period. A multiperiodic fit can account also for a sudden brightness change through frequency beating. Comparison with previous multiperiodic solutions based on data obtained in different seasons shows highly variable amplitudes of the pulsational frequencies. The consequence of this finding to variable shell activity of EW Lac is briefly pointed out.Yonsei University Observatory Contribution No. 98.     

The basic cycle of solar activity and the global magnetic field and active phenomena distribution

We have compared the latitudinal distributions of polar faculae, green coronal emission maxima, prominences and of a new index of enhanced geomagnetic recurrence with the distribution of magnetic fields during the cycles Nos. 20 and 21.We did not find a distinct high-latitude initial stage of an extended cycle in the corona, prominences and polar faculae distribution. On the contrary, it seems that the polar faculae and their following polarity magnetic fields represent the last evolutionary phase of a magnetic activity cycle lasting 15–17 years. The enhanced recurrent geomagnetic activity seems to be related to the old cycle fields.All studied phenomena clearly display two types of latitudinal distribution: the polar belts, into which the old following polarity fields have been transported from the equatorial belt where both the polarities developin situ simultaneously, but in which the leading polarity fields only remain, crossing the equator during the minimum of activity, to play the same role on the opposite hemispheres in the new cycle.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

Oscillatory motions in an active prominence

Different types of oscillatory motions were detected in the late phases of eruption of a prominence. We found oscillations of the prominence axis and diameter with periods of 4.3 and 9.1 min, corresponding to the eigenmodes m = 4 and m = 8 with a damping factor 4.6 × 10^–3 s^–1. A period about 4.5 min was found for oscillations of the pitch angle of the helically twisted filaments. The m = 2 and m = 3 eigenmodes could be also identified and they led to the final relaxation of the prominence axis. The observations are compared with a model in which we consider forces acting in a curved, cylindrical magnetic tube anchored at both ends in the photosphere and carrying an electric current. The stability of the prominence is discussed.     

Using recurrent neural networks to reconstruct rainfall‐runoff processes

Many novel techniques for reconstructing rainfall‐runoff processes require hydrometeorologic and geomorphologic information for modelling. However, certain information is not always measurable. In this paper, we employ a special recurrent neural network to reconstruct the rainfall‐runoff process by using collected rainfall data. In addition, we propose an indirect system identification to overcome the drawback of a traditional, time‐consuming trial‐and‐error search. The indirect system identification is an efficient method to recognize the structure of a recurrent neural network. The unit hydrograph can be derived directly from the weights of the network due to a state‐space form embedded in the recurrent neural network. This improves the link between the weights of the network and the physical concepts that most neural networks fail to connect. The case studies of 41 events from 1966 to 1997 have been implemented in Taiwan's Wu‐Tu watershed, where the runoff path‐lines are short and steep. Two recurrent neural networks and one state‐space model are utilized to simulate the rainfall‐runoff processes for comparison. The results are validated by four criteria: coefficient of efficiency; peak discharge error; time to peak arrival error; total discharge volume error. The resulting data from the recurrent neural network reveal that the neural network proposed herein is appropriate for hydrological systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于云计算的地球系统科学数据共享研究与实践

数据密集型的地学研究离不开数据资源和信息平台的支撑,因此,实施地球系统科学数据共享具有重大意义。早期地球系统科学数据共享服务主要以政府行为为主,集中数据汇交,存在数据服务负载不均衡、数据整合模式单一、数据服务效果不明显等突出问题。随着Web 2.0理念的提出,以及云计算等技术的出现,数据共享模式发生了巨大的变化。本文提出基于云计算的地球系统科学数据共享概念模型。通过提供基础设施即服务（IaaS）、数据资源即服务（DaaS）,以及数据功能即服务（SaaS）实现共享服务模式的转变,将死板的数据转为灵活的服务。在“数据云”中,用户既是数据的使用者也是数据资源的提供者,通过提供数据发布、数据需求发布、数据发现与共享、需求发现与反馈等功能,解决数据共享中“用户-数据”之间的矛盾,并激励普通科研工作者贡献自己的数据,保障数据资源有效、可持续整合。最后,构建了原型系统用于验证该框架,形成了一个“人人都是数据的提供者,人人都是数据的使用者”的数据共享服务环境。     

Gabor‐frame‐based Gaussian packet migration

We present a Gaussian packet migration method based on Gabor frame decomposition and asymptotic propagation of Gaussian packets. A Gaussian packet has both Gaussian‐shaped time–frequency localization and space–direction localization. Its evolution can be obtained by ray tracing and dynamic ray tracing. In this paper, we first briefly review the concept of Gaussian packets. After discussing how initial parameters affect the shape of a Gaussian packet, we then propose two Gabor‐frame‐based Gaussian packet decomposition methods that can sparsely and accurately represent seismic data. One method is the dreamlet–Gaussian packet method. Dreamlets are physical wavelets defined on an observation plane and can represent seismic data efficiently in the local time–frequency space–wavenumber domain. After decomposition, dreamlet coefficients can be easily converted to the corresponding Gaussian packet coefficients. The other method is the Gabor‐frame Gaussian beam method. In this method, a local slant stack, which is widely used in Gaussian beam migration, is combined with the Gabor frame decomposition to obtain uniform sampled horizontal slowness for each local frequency. Based on these decomposition methods, we derive a poststack depth migration method through the summation of the backpropagated Gaussian packets and the application of the imaging condition. To demonstrate the Gaussian packet evolution and migration/imaging in complex models, we show several numerical examples. We first use the evolution of a single Gaussian packet in media with different complexities to show the accuracy of Gaussian packet propagation. Then we test the point source responses in smoothed varying velocity models to show the accuracy of Gaussian packet summation. Finally, using poststack synthetic data sets of a four‐layer model and the two‐dimensional SEG/EAGE model, we demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the migration method. Compared with the more accurate but more time‐consuming one‐way wave‐equation‐based migration, such as beamlet migration, the Gaussian packet method proposed in this paper can correctly image the major structures of the complex model, especially in subsalt areas, with much higher efficiency. This shows the application potential of Gaussian packet migration in complicated areas.     

Coronal Mass Ejections,Magnetic Fields,and the Green Corona in Cycle 23

We study a time – latitudinal distribution of CMEs observed by the SOHO spacecraft, their projected speeds and associated magnetic fields, as well as the north – south (N – S) asymmetry of solar surface magnetic fields, and the coronal green line intensities. We have found that (a) there exists an intricate relation between the average projected velocity of CMEs and the mean value of large-scale magnetic fields; (b) there exists a pronounced N – S asymmetry in both the distribution and the number of CMEs; (c) this asymmetry is in favor of the northern hemisphere at the beginning of the cycle, and of the southern hemisphere from 2001 onward, being, in fact, (d) closely related with the N – S asymmetry in the distribution of large-scale magnetic fields and the coronal green line intensities.     

未来中国纯电动汽车的节能减排效益分析

采用燃料生命周期方法,选取能耗、CO₂、NO_x和SO₂排放等关键节能减排指标,对我国纯电动汽车、汽油汽车和混合动力汽车进行比较分析。通过对2010年和2020年两个时间点的考察,发现推广纯电动汽车并不一定有利于节能减排：在2010年技术水平和能源结构下,纯电动汽车的燃料周期能耗和CO₂排放低于燃油汽车（包括汽油汽车和混合动力汽车),但NO_x和SO₂排放要高出燃油汽车50%以上;到2020年,若国家相关规划目标得以实现,纯电动汽车的燃料周期能耗和CO₂排放将比2010年下降30%左右,NO_x和SO₂排放将比2010年下降80%以上,但由于发动机技术迅速改进等原因,届时纯电动汽车的燃料周期CO₂、NO_x和SO₂排放等都高于混合动力汽车。在此基础上,进一步分析了纯电动汽车节能减排效益的不确定性,并提出改善纯电动汽车节能减排效益的政策建议,如将纯电动汽车的推广与电力系统改造行动结合起来、基于能耗水平对纯电动汽车和燃油汽车进行分类管理等。     

Urban hierarchy of innovation capability and inter-city linkages of knowledge in post-reform China

The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.     

山西河东煤田沙坪煤矿延深水平回风大巷突水水源判断

2018年5月21日,延深水平回风大巷掘进至373m时,巷道顶板锚索孔淋水,水量4 m^3/h; 2018年6月22日掘进至700m时,超前探水钻孔突水,水压0. 14MPa,涌水量76m^3/h,2h后涌水量稳定至56m^3/h。在论述矿井地质及水文地质条件的基础上,分析了井田内地表水、采(古、老)空水、奥陶系岩溶水与突水点的关系,充分利用水化学和突水点流量动态特征等资料,采用排除法,判断出突水水源为煤系砂岩裂隙水,做出了"水量有限,继续掘进"的结论。经掘进验证,判断结论正确,既保证了安全掘进,又未耽误生产,取得较好的经济效益。