Development strategies for the sea cucumber industry in China

The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an important marine aquaculture species in China. After nearly thirty years of development, the production of A. japonicus has become commercially lucrative and successful. In this report, current advances in sea cucumber industry are addressed in terms of the basic biology, culturing methods, and health care benefits. Next, the challenges restricting development of the sea cucumber industry are discussed, including weaknesses in the basic biological research, the problem of germplasm degradation, environmental stress caused by global climate change, and food safety problems. Finally, several strategies are presented that might contribute to sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry. These strategies include advances in genome studies, behavioral studies, selective breeding, ecological culture technologies, reforms in food safety management, and the development of health care functions based on contemporary medical practices. Thus, our work provides new insights into how to explore the sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry in the future.

     

Complex origins of silicate veinlets in HED meteorites: A case study of Northwest Africa 1109

We report on the petrography and mineralogy of three types of silicate veinlets in the brecciated eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 1109. These include Fe‐rich olivine, Mg‐rich olivine, and pyroxene veinlets. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets mainly infill fractures in pyroxene and also occur along grain boundaries between pyroxene and plagioclase crystals, in both nonequilibrated and equilibrated lithic clasts. The host pyroxene of Fe‐rich olivine veinlets shows large chemical variations between and within grains. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets also contain fine‐grained Fe³⁺‐bearing chromite, highly calcic plagioclase, merrillite, apatite, and troilite. Based on texture and mineral chemistry, we argue that the formation of Fe‐rich olivine was related to fluid deposition at relatively high temperatures. However, the source of Fe‐rich olivine in the veinlets remains unclear. Magnesium‐rich olivine veinlets were found in three diogenitic lithic clasts. In one of these, the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets only occur in one of the fine‐grained interstitial regions and extend into fractures within surrounding coarse‐grained orthopyroxene. Based on the texture of the interstitial materials, we suggest that the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets formed by shock‐induced localized melting and recrystallization. Pyroxene veinlets were only observed in one clast where they infill fractures within large plagioclase grains and are associated with fine‐grained pyroxene surrounding coarse‐grained pyroxene. The large chemical variations in pyroxene and the fracture‐filling texture indicate that the pyroxene veinlets might also have formed by shock‐induced localized melting and rapid crystallization. Our study demonstrates that silicate veinlets formed by a range of different surface processes on the surface of Vesta.     

A Relationship Between the Solar Rotation and Activity Analysed by Tracing Sunspot Groups

The sunspot position published in the data bases of the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR), the US Air Force Solar Optical Observing Network and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USAF/NOAA), and of the Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) in the period 1874 to 2016 were used to calculate yearly values of the solar differential-rotation parameters \(A\) and \(B\). These differential-rotation parameters were compared with the solar-activity level. We found that the Sun rotates more differentially at the minimum than at the maximum of activity during the epoch 1977?–?2016. An inverse correlation between equatorial rotation and solar activity was found using the recently revised sunspot number. The secular decrease of the equatorial rotation rate that accompanies the increase in activity stopped in the last part of the twentieth century. It was noted that when a significant peak in equatorial rotation velocity is observed during activity minimum, the next maximum is weaker than the previous one.     

Subdivision and age of the Yanchang Formation and the Middle/Upper Triassic boundary in Ordos Basin,North China

The Yanchang Formation is extensively developed in the Ordos Basin and its surrounding regions. As one of the best terrestrial Triassic sequences in China and the major oil-gas bearing formations in the Ordos Basin, its age determination and stratigraphic assignment are important in geological survey and oil-gas exploration. It had been attributed to the Late Triassic and regarded as the typical representative of the Upper Triassic in northern China for a long time, although some scholars had already proposed that the lower part of this formation should be of the Middle Triassic age in the mid-late 20th century. In this paper, we suggest that the lower and middle parts of the Yanchang Formation should be of the Ladinian and the bottom possibly belongs to the late Anisian of the Middle Triassic, mainly based on new fossils found in it and high resolution radiometric dating results. The main source rocks, namely the oil shales and mudstones of the Chang-7, are of the Ladinian Age. The upper part of the Yanchang Formation, namely the Chang-6 and the above parts, belongs to the Late Triassic. The uppermost of the Triassic is missed in most parts of the Ordos Basin. The Middle-Upper Triassic Series boundary lies in the Yanchang Formation, equivalent to the boundary between Chang-7 and Chang-6. The Ladinian is an important palaeoenvironmental turning point in the Ordos Basin. Palaeoenvironmental changes in the basin are coincidence with that of the Sichuan Basin and the main tectonic movement of the Qinling Mountains. It indicates that tectonic activities of the Qinling Mountains are related to the big palaeoenvironmental changes in both the Ordos and Sichuan Basins, which are caused by the same structural dynamic system during the Ladinian.     

论线性构造对长江(奉节—忠县段)河谷形态及大型滑坡的控制意义

利用卫星影象的线性体(环形体),为长江三峡库区岸坡稳定性研究提供了丰富的构造信息,不仅解译了长江此段河谷的形态以及先前不甚被人们所注意的几个低山峡谷:巴堰峡、关刀峡等的成因,而且揭示了对古滑坡分段密集分布的控制意义。      

谐波改进的植被指数时间序列重建算法

提出一种基于傅里叶谐波分析的改进算法,引入异常值检测算法,检测拟合过程中的异常值,增加数据拟合的真实性;迭代前动态估算出待处理序列点的峰值个数(即频数),解决整个区域预设单一频数的不合理性;引入拟合影响因子,自动控制迭代终止条件,避免传统方法中人为设置阈值导致的不确定性。利用2003年华北平原MODIS_EVI时间序列图像验证表明,较之HANTS算法,改进算法能够有效修正噪声污染像元值,修正后的EVI时序曲线更能反映地物内在的物候变化规律,并能够更好地保真原始曲线上的特征(点),如作物EVI最大值、最小值出现的时间和大小关系。     

强心安神方对阿霉素致大鼠心肌损伤模型心肌细胞能量代谢的影响

目的：通过研究强心安神方对阿霉素性心肌损伤大鼠模型心肌酶、心肌细胞线粒体呼吸功能和细胞色素C氧化酶活性（COX）的影响,探讨该药的作用机制。方法：将Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、西药组及强心安神方低、高剂量组,对除正常对照组外的其余组大鼠采用腹腔注射阿霉素法制备心肌损伤模型,予药物干预4周,检测各组大鼠血清心肌酶[包括肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的表达,提取大鼠心肌细胞线粒体测定线粒体呼吸功能（呼吸控制比,RCR）及COX活性。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型组CK-MB、LDH表达均升高,COX活性增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P<0.05）;强心安神方高、低剂量组大鼠各项指标与西药组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,强心安神方高、低剂量组之间各项指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：强心安神方对损伤心肌细胞的保护作用可能与其降低CK-MB及LDH、改善心肌细胞线粒体呼吸功能及COX活性有关。     

陕甘宁蒙粮食生产与耕地资源安全分析

针对粮食生产与耕地资源的变化规律对区域粮食安全等问题,该文采用变异系数法、修正后的耕地压力指数及GM(1,1)模型,对陕甘宁蒙能源富集区粮食生产与耕地资源的变化情况进行分析与预测。研究结果表明,陕甘宁蒙粮食产量不断提高,耕地压力呈现减小趋势,区域粮食安全问题得到一定缓解,并可通过提高粮食单产、控制人口增长、提高农作物复种指数及粮食播种面积占总播种面积的比重进一步保障区域粮食安全。     

不同再分析资料对热带气旋Roke(2011)外流-高空急流相互作用的对比

利用CFSv2、ERA-I、MERRA2和JRA-55四种最新的大气再分析资料、CIMSS高分辨率卫星云图资料以及JTWC、CMA和JMA三种最佳路径与强度资料对热带气旋Roke (2011)外流-高空急流相互作用进行初步分析。研究发现,在Roke (2011)外流-高空急流相互作用的过程中,朝向极地的外流急流以及辐散增强,同时中纬度高空急流向南延伸出的弱正PV与Roke (2011)中心区的正PV逐渐接近并部分叠加,导致了Roke (2011)强度的迅速发展(RI);对比各种再分析资料发现,CFSv2中Roke (2011)外流-高空急流相互作用过程的高层风场和散度场与CIMSS资料中的分布与演变相似,并清楚地再现了高空急流区对弱正PV的输送过程,CFSv2对Roke (2011)的路径与强度变化的描述最接近观测。