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通过对某湿陷性黄土场地强夯处理后各种检测方法和结果的综合分析,提出了一些值得研究的问题 相似文献
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地震波散射问题的解析解是研究局部场地、地形、盆地等不规则地层结构对地震动参数放大效应影响的重要理论工具。现有解析解大部分在频域内给出,无法直接用于研究不规则地层结构对地震动峰值、反应谱等参数的放大效应。本文基于平面SH波入射下圆弧状沉积盆地动力响应宽频带稳态解析解,通过Fourier变换,获取瞬态响应解析解。基于此,研究El Centro波入射下,沉积盆地对地震动峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移及不同周期反应谱的放大效应。研究结果表明,盆地宽度和深度、沉积介质波速、入射波角度等对盆地放大效应具有显著影响,地震动反应谱谱比最大值超过2.0,且宽度达10 km的较大型盆地对长周期地震动参数具有显著放大效应,对于位于该类盆地的超高层建筑、大型储液罐、大跨度桥梁等长周期结构,应充分考虑盆地对抗震设防参数的影响。 相似文献
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对于陆域地区,我国已进行5次全国范围大面积地震区划研究工作,获得了丰富研究成果。但对于海域地区地震区划的研究较薄弱,较少涉及海域潜源划分模型。随着经济发展,涉及海域地区的经济活动日益频繁,对海域地区潜源划分研究及进一步地震区划研究工作的需求越来越强烈。为此,详细介绍代表性国家在潜源划分方面采取的原则和方法,总结我国海域地区地震地质背景及相应的研究现状,并在此基础上提出我国海域地区潜源划分可考虑的原则和基本思路,为后续我国海域地区区划研究提供方案。 相似文献
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Modelling and experimental study of coupled exchange of p,p′‐DDE and colloids in a flume simulated stream–streambed system 下载免费PDF全文
Stream–subsurface exchange plays a significant role in the fate and transport of contaminants in streams. It has been modelled explicitly by considering fundamental processes such as hydraulic exchange, colloid filtration, and contaminant interactions with streambed sediments and colloids. The models have been successfully applied to simulate the transport of inorganic metals and nutrients. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted in a recirculating flume to investigate the exchange of a hydrophobic organic contaminant, p,p′‐dichloro‐diphenyl‐dichloroethane (DDE), between a stream and a quartz sand bed. A previously developed process‐based multiphase exchange model was modified by accounting for the p,p′‐DDE kinetic adsorption to and desorption from the bed sediments/colloids and was applied to interpret the experimental results. Model input parameters were obtained by conducting independent small‐scale batch experiments. Results indicate that the immobilization of p,p′‐DDE in the quartz sand bed can occur under representative natural stream conditions. The observed p,p′‐DDE exchange was successfully simulated by the process‐based model. The model sensitivity analysis results show that the exchange of p,p′‐DDE can be sensitive to either the sediment sorption/desorption parameters or colloidal parameters depending on the experimental conditions tested. For the experimental conditions employed here, the effect of colloids on contaminant transport is expected to be minimal, and the stream–subsurface exchange of p,p′‐DDE is dominated by the interaction of p,p′‐DDE with bed sediment. The work presented here contributes to a better mechanistic understanding of the complex transport process that hydrophobic organic contaminants undergo in natural streams and to the development of reliable, predictive models for the assessment of impacted streams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Accepting the concept of standardization introduced by the standardized precipitation index, similar methodologies have been developed to construct some other standardized drought indices such as the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). In this study, the authors provided deep insight into the SPEI and recognized potential deficiencies/limitations in relating to the climatic water balance it used. By coupling another well‐known Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), we proposed a new standardized Palmer drought index (SPDI) through a moisture departure probabilistic approach, which allows multi‐scalar calculation for accurate temporal and spatial comparison of the hydro‐meteorological conditions of different locations. Using datasets of monthly precipitation, temperature and soil available water capacity, the moisture deficit/surplus was calculated at multiple temporal scales, and a couple of techniques were adopted to adjust corresponding time series to a generalized extreme value distribution out of several candidates. Results of the historical records (1900–2012) for diverse climates by multiple indices showed that the SPDI was highly consistent and correlated with the SPEI and self‐calibrated PDSI at most analysed time scales. Furthermore, a simple experiment of hypothetical temperature and/or precipitation change scenarios also verified the effectiveness of this newly derived SPDI in response to climate change impacts. Being more robust and preferable in spatial consistency and comparability as well as combining the simplicity of calculation with sufficient accounting of the physical nature of water supply and demand relating to droughts, the SPDI is promising to serve as a competent reference and an alternative for drought assessment and monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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