Study of drainage profiles in Jharia Coalfield,eastern India from aerial photographs: Implication for land use planning

Drainage analysis of an area through aerial photographs helps a lot in knowing its soil textrue, mainly its porosity, permeability, grainsize and compactness. These observations may be used as a guide for land use planning over the area. Studies have been conducted in Jharia Coalfield through scanning of acrial photographs to know the textural characters of soil/rock cover over the area. Nature of valley profiles have been studied in detail. The overall drainage pattern and drainage texture have also been studied. The observation have been used to infer about the textue of the materials (rock/soil) traversed by the drainage lines in the region. The observations suggest that the major part of the field is covered by materials of moderate cohesiveness with good porosity, permeability and recharge capacity. These informations have been used as critical inputs for future land use planning in the area.     

Interplanetary Transients and Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy

Cosmic-ray intensity data recorded with the ground-based neutron monitor at Deep River have been investigated taking into account the associated interplanetary magnetic field and solar-wind plasma data during 1981 – 1994. A large number of days having abnormally high or low amplitudes for five or more successive days as compared to the annual average amplitude of diurnal anisotropy have been taken as high- or low-amplitude anisotropic wave-train events. The amplitude of the diurnal anisotropy of these events is found to increase on days with a magnetic cloud as compared to the days prior to the event, and it is found to decrease during the later period of the event as the cloud passes the Earth. The high-speed solar-wind streams do not play any significant role in causing these types of events. However, corotating solar-wind streams produce significant deviations in cosmic-ray intensity during high- and low-amplitude events. The interplanetary disturbances (magnetic clouds) are also effective in producing cosmic-ray decreases. Hα solar flares have a good positive correlation with both the amplitude and direction of the anisotropy for high-amplitude events, while the principal magnetic storms have a good positive correlation with both amplitude and direction of the anisotropy for low-amplitude events. The source responsible for these unusual anisotropic wave trains in cosmic rays has been proposed.     

Chemical weathering of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium with special reference to release of fluoride in the groundwater,Unnao district,Uttar Pradesh

In the central part of Indo-Gangetic alluvium in the Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh there are many pockets where groundwater shows high fluoride content. Drinking of fluorinated ground water has effected a large population and in many villages more than 80% of the population is suffering from fluorosis. The source of this fluoride appears to be the alluvial sediments deposited in the geological past as no hard rock terrain is present in the nearby areas. The area is dominantly made up of mud with pockets of sand. The sand fraction is made up of quartz, plagioclase, microcline, muscovite and biotite along with some accessory minerals like garnet, epidote, chlorite, tourmaline, hornblende, kyanite and a few opaque minerals. Moreover, the fluoride content in the groundwater varies both spatially and with depth indicating a sporadic occurrence. The surface water is devoid of high content of fluoride but is reported in hand pumps and in the dug wells. This paper deals with the geochemical study of the sediments up to a depth of 45m as most of the hand pumps are up to this depth to understand the source of fluoride. ¹⁴C dates of calcretes have suggested that the 45 m thick succession must have been formed in about 45000 years.     

Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equations

In a series of papers, Saxena et al. (2002, 2004a, 2004b) derived solutions of a number of fractional kinetic equations in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler functions which provide the extension of the work of Haubold and Mathai (1995, 2000). The subject of the present paper is to investigate the solution of a fractional reaction-diffusion equation. The results derived are of general nature and include the results reported earlier by many authors, notably by Jespersen et al. (1999) for anomalous diffusion and del-Castillo-Negrete et al. (2003) for reaction-diffusion systems with Lévy flights. The solution has been developed in terms of the H-function in a compact form with the help of Laplace and Fourier transforms. Most of the results obtained are in a form suitable for numerical computation.     

Characteristics of Enhanced and Low Amplitude Anisotropic Wave Trains and Interplanetary Transients

The occurrence of a large number of high and low amplitude anisotropic wave train events over the years 1981–1994 has been examined along with the different solar features. The results indicate that the time of maximum of diurnal variation significantly remains in the 18-h direction for majority of the high and low amplitude wave trains. The amplitude of diurnal anisotropy remains significantly high and phase shifts towards earlier hours as compared to the quite day annual average values for majority of the HAEs. The diurnal amplitude remains significantly low and phase shifts towards earlier hours as compared to the quiet day annual average values for majority of the LAEs. The occurrence of these enhanced/low amplitude events is found to be dominant during the positive polarity of the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field. The amplitude of the diurnal anisotropy of these events is found to increase on the days of magnetic cloud as compared to the days prior to the event and it found to decrease during the later period of the event as the cloud passes the Earth. The high-speed solar wind streams do not play any significant role in causing these types of events. The interplanetary disturbances (magnetic clouds) are also effective in producing cosmic ray decreases.     

Studies on the Effect of DDT on the Regeneration of Cutaneous Wounds in Mystus (mystus) vittatus Bl. (Bagridae)

The effects of DDT on the regeneration of cutaneous wounds has been studied in Mystus (mystus) vittatus. The fishes were locally collected, they were inflicted incised wounds surgically and kept in 0.01 and 0.15 ppm concentrations of DDT. The regenerating skin at different stages of development ranging from 15 min to 25 d after the injury was studied through microtomy sections. The following toxic effects were studied:

• A small amount of DDT accumulated in the subcutis at the 25 days stage,
• the regeneration of wounds under DDT stress has been slower, delayed or irregular,
• the secretion of fibrinous exudate has been copious,
• epithelization and fibroblastic activities have been slower,
• the higher concentration of 0.15 ppm of DDT produced more toxic effects than the lower concentration of 0.01 ppm,
• the earlier stages of wound healing up to 3 d have been more adversely affected than later stages.

     

Corrected Hawking temperature of Warped AdS3 rotating Black Hole by using tunneling method

In this paper, we have calculated the corrected Hawking temperature for the Warped AdS₃ rotating Black Hole by using the tunneling method beyond the semi-classical approximation for the Warped AdS₃ rotating Black Hole. For this purpose, we have isolated the r-t sector of the metric from the angular part throughout a coordinate transformation near the horizon.     

A new class of LRS Bianchi type-II dark energy models with variable EoS parameter

A new class of dark energy models in a Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi type-II (LRS B-II) space-time with variable equation of state (EoS) parameter and constant deceleration parameter have been investigated in the present paper. The Einstein’s field equations have been solved by applying a variation law for generalized Hubble’s parameter given by Berman: Nuovo Cimento 74:182 (1983) which generates two types of solutions for the average scale factor, one is of power-law type and other is of the exponential-law form. Using these two forms, Einstein’s field equations are solved separately that correspond to expanding singular and non-singular models of the universe respectively. The dark energy EoS parameter ω is found to be time dependent and its existing range for both models is in good agreement with the three recent observations of (i) SNe Ia data (Knop et al.: Astrophys. J. 598:102 (2003)), (ii) SNe Ia data collaborated with CMBR anisotropy and galaxy clustering statistics (Tegmark et al.: Astrophys. J. 606:702 (2004)) and latest (iii) a combination of cosmological datasets coming from CMB anisotropies, luminosity distances of high redshift type Ia supernovae and galaxy clustering (Hinshaw et al.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. 180:225 (2009); Komatsu et al. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 180:330 (2009)). The cosmological constant Λ is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch) which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric behaviour of the universe have also been discussed in detail.     

LRS Bianchi type-II massive string cosmological model in General Relativity

The present study deals with locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type II cosmological model representing massive string. The energy-momentum tensor for such string as formulated by Letelier (Phys. Rev. D 28:2414, 1983) is used to construct massive string cosmological model for which we assume that the expansion (θ) in the model is proportional to the shear (σ). This condition leads to A=B ^m , where A and B are the metric coefficients and m is proportionality constant. For suitable choice of constant m, it is observed that in early stage of the evolution of the universe string dominates over the particle whereas the universe is dominated by massive string at the late time. Our model is in accelerating phase which is consistent to the recent observations of type Is supernovae. Some physical and geometric behavior of the model is also discussed.     

Dark energy models with anisotropic fluid in Bianchi Type-VI 0 space-time with time dependent deceleration parameter

We present two dark energy (DE) models with an anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type-VI ₀ space-time by considering time dependent deceleration parameter (DP). The equation of state (EoS) for dark energy ω is found to be time dependent and its existing range for derived models is in good agreement with the recent observations. Under the suitable condition, the anisotropic models approach to isotropic scenario. We also find that during the evolution of the universe, the EoS parameter for DE changes from ω>−1 to ω=−1 in first model whereas from ω>−1 to ω<−1 in second model which is consistent with recent observations. The cosmological constant Λ is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch) which is corroborated by results from recent type Ia supernovae observations. The cosmic jerk parameter in our derived models is also found to be in good agreement with the recent data of astrophysical observations. The physical and geometric aspects of both the models are also discussed in detail.