全文获取类型
收费全文 | 315篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 8篇 |
大气科学 | 25篇 |
地球物理 | 85篇 |
地质学 | 102篇 |
海洋学 | 35篇 |
天文学 | 31篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 57篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有347条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
The adoption of the proposed European Marine Strategy Directive is an opportunity for a comprehensive policy for protecting, improving and sustainably using Europe's environmentally degraded seas. It calls for an ecosystem-based approach to management where humans are regarded as a key system component. Although the proposed wording has been the subject of fierce debate, the central policy goal remains achieving "Good Environmental Status". The interpretation of "good" is key to implementation and relates to human values and worldviews. We demonstrate how these vary widely across Europe. Solution of fundamental considerations such as the assignation of reference states, the balance between precautionary and evidence-based action, the degree of subsidiarity, and conservation strategies including marine protected areas, will ultimately depend upon public understanding, involvement in and support for the Directive. The social element, critical to effective adaptive management, requires greater attention within the context of a regional seas geographical framework. 相似文献
82.
Rebecca Grey-Ross Colleen T. Downs Kevin Kirkman 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(3):371-376
Increasing transformation and fragmentation of rural landscapes for economic reasons is causing concern to conservationists worldwide. With this trend likely to continue, perhaps conservation agencies and development corporations need to co-operate and plan housing developments that are environmentally and ecologically sustainable and can serve as refuges for endangered species. In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, grasslands are particularly threatened by land transformation for housing developments. A case study is presented of a housing development, Wedgewood Estate in KwaZulu-Natal that has been developed and managed for conserving grassland habitat and associated species, particularly the endangered oribi (Ourebia ourebi). Feedback from the Estate's managers about the development and ecological impact were obtained. Wedgewood is an example of the viability of housing estates as refuges for endangered species and shows that the density and placement of housing and management of the natural habitat are important. It emphasizes the need for reviewing the types and amount of housing development, management of natural habitat, and the rules and regulations they put in place to assure the integrity of the conservancy is preserved. This case study also shows the potential of such ecologically sensitive housing developments as sources of surplus game for translocation, especially in the case of endangered species such as oribi. 相似文献
83.
In catchments adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area in Queensland, Australia, there is a growing concern that sediments and nutrients being exported from the land are having a detrimental effect on coral reef communities. There is a need to determine the processes and rates of erosion from the major land use types, so that management intervention can be initiated to reduce sediment yields where required. This paper presents a sediment budget for Weany Creek, a 13.5 km2 grazed semi-arid sub-catchment of the Burdekin River catchment, Australia. A range of field methods was used to measure erosion from hillslopes, gullies and stream banks, as well as identify the amount of sediment being deposited and remobilised on the bed of gullies and the stream network. The data suggests that at least during drought conditions, the primary erosion source in this catchment is gully erosion. However, the largest source of sediment in the budget is actually associated with the remobilisation of in-channel sediment stores. Overall, the sediment budget is comprised of 81% coarse material and 19% fine sediment and an agreement between the fine sediment yield estimated in the sediment budget and the yield measured at the catchment outlet is within 10%. The total sediment yield estimated for this catchment is 4205 t yr− 1 and is much lower than expected for a catchment of this size. This may reflect the drought conditions during the measurement period; however, there is also the possibility that the primary erosion sources have been exhausted, and the rates of sediment loss may be much lower now than they may have been in the past. Nonetheless, the results show that stored sediment, which may have been deposited in the channel many decades ago, is an important contributor to end of catchment sediment yields and warrants further investigation. 相似文献
84.
The flux of fluvial carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the world's oceans is known to be an important component of the global carbon cycle, but within this pathway, the flux and return of carbon to the river network via sewage effluent has not been quantified. In this study, monitoring data from 2000 to 2016 for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand of the final effluent of sewage treatment works from across England were examined to assess the amount of DOC contributing to national‐scale fluvial fluxes of carbon. The study shows that the median concentration of DOC in final effluent was 9.4 compared with 4.8 mg C/L for all surface waters for the United Kingdom over the study period and that the DOC in final effluent significantly declined over the study period from 11.0 to 6.4 mg C/L. Rivers receiving sewage effluent showed a significant, on average 19%, increase in DOC concentration downstream of sewage discharges. At the scale of the United Kingdom, the flux of DOC in final effluent was 31 ktonnes C/year with a per capita export of 0.55 kg C/year and compared with an average annual flux of DOC from the United Kingdom of 859 ktonnes C/year, that is, only 3.6% of national‐scale flux. The lability of this DOC was limited, with only 7.4% loss of final effluent DOC concentration over in‐stream residence times of up to 5 days. The direct decline in DOC concentration from sewage treatment works was not large enough on its own to explain the declines observed in DOC concentration in U.K. rivers at their tidal limit. 相似文献
85.
86.
Rebecca Saltzer 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1990,49(3):285-285
Book Review
Physics of the earth and the solar systemB. Bertotti and P. Farinella, Kluwer Academic Publishers, (Volume 31 of Geophysics and Astrophysics Monographs) xv + 479 pp., subject index; price, £74.00, $99.00, Dfl 200 (hardcover); ISBN 0-7923-0535-3 相似文献87.
Jennifer C. Whitman Jiaying Zhao Kevin H. Roberts Rebecca M. Todd 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):383-394
Despite the scientific consensus, there is widespread public controversy about climate change. Previous explanations focused on interpretations hampered by political bias or insufficient knowledge of climate facts. We propose that public views of climate change may also be related to an attentional bias at a more basic level of cognitive processing. We hypothesized that selective visual attention towards or away from climate-related information would be associated with climate concern. To test prioritization of climate-related stimuli under conditions of limited attention, we asked participants to identify climate-related and neutral words within a rapid stream of stimuli. Undergraduate students attended to climate-related words more readily than neutral words. This attentional prioritization correlated with self-rated climate concern. We then examined this relationship in a more diverse community sample. Principal component analysis of survey data in the community sample revealed a component indexing a relationship between climate concern and political orientation. That component was correlated with the degree of selective inattention to climate-related words. Our findings suggest that climate-related communications may be most effective if tailored in a manner accounting for how attentional priorities differ between audiences—particularly those with different political orientations. 相似文献
88.
Rebecca Caroline Lammas 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(1):40-51
Landscape art provides a window on the world of subjective interpretation and shared perceptions of place. Portraits of places are therefore simultaneously portraits of a society, its preferences and prejudices, and the meaning it imparts to the world. In the nineteenth century, settlers in Africa felt alienated, uncomfortable, abandoned and detached, and their landscape art—both paintings and poetry—was testimony to their emotional and psychological responses to the foreign environment. Both the imported artistic techniques for portraying nat?re and the symbols populating the landscape images revealed the temperament of the pioneers’ attitudes to place. 相似文献
89.
Rebecca A. Lange 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,130(1):1-11
A revised model for the volume and thermal expansivity of K2O-Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 liquids, which can be applied at crustal magmatic temperatures, has been derived from new low temperature (701–1092 K) density
measurements on sixteen supercooled liquids, for which high temperature (1421–1896 K) liquid density data are available. These
data were combined with similar measurements previously performed by the present author on eight sodium aluminosilicate samples,
for which high temperature density measurements are also available. Compositions (in mol%) range from 37 to 75% SiO2, 0 to 27% Al2O3, 0 to 38% MgO, 0 to 43% CaO, 0 to 33% Na2O and 0 to 29% K2O. The strategy employed for the low temperature density measurements is based on the assumption that the volume of a glass
is equal to that of the liquid at the limiting fictive temperature, T
f
′. The volume of the glass and liquid at T
f
′ was obtained from the glass density at 298 K and the glass thermal expansion coefficient from 298 K to T
f
′. The low temperature volume data were combined with the existing high temperature measurements to derive a constant thermal
expansivity of each liquid over a wide temperature interval (767–1127 degrees) with a fitted 1 error of 0.5 to 5.7%. Calibration
of a linear model equation leads to fitted values of Vˉ
i
±1 (cc/mol) at 1373 K for SiO2 (26.86 ± 0.03), Al2O3 (37.42±0.09), MgO (10.71±0.08), CaO (15.41±0.06), Na2O (26.57±0.06), K2O (42.45 ± 0.09), and fitted values of dVˉ
i
/dT (10−3 cc/mol-K) for MgO (3.27±0.17), CaO (3.74±0.12), Na2O (7.68±0.10) and K2O (12.08±0.20). The results indicate that neither SiO2 nor Al2O3 contribute to the thermal expansivity of the liquids, and that dV/dT
liq is independent of temperature between 701 and 1896 K over a wide range of composition. Between 59 and 78% of the thermal
expansivity of the experimental liquids is derived from configurational (vs vibrational) contributions. Measured volumes and
thermal expansivities can be recovered with this model with a standard deviation of 0.25% and 5.7%, respectively.
Received: 2 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 June 1997 相似文献
90.