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801.
M. R. Ramesh Kumar S. M. Pednekar M. Katsumata M. K. Antony Y. Kuroda A. S. Unnikrishnan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,85(1-2):117-122
Summary The diurnal cycle of rainfall over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean was studied for the period 23rd October 2001 to 31st October 2003 using hourly data from the Triton buoy positioned at 1.5° S and 90° E. An analysis of the active and weak spells
of rainfall for different seasons revealed peaks in the late evening hours in Winter, Summer and Fall and in early morning
hours (in Spring) in 2002. The active spell of rainfall peaked in the afternoon hours, during Winter, Spring and Summer in
2003, which agrees with the previous results of Janowiak et al. (1994). An analysis of rainfall events showed that Fall 2002
had a maximum number of rainfall events (90) and minimum (60) were observed in Spring 2003. Further it was found that the
majority of rain events (>60%) were less than 3 hours in duration throughout the study period. The longer duration rainfall
events (i.e. rain events greater than 6 hour duration) contributed significantly to Spring 2002 (20% of the total rainfall)
and Winter 2003 (21% of the total rainfall). Harmonic analysis of the hourly rainfall data for different seasons revealed
that diurnal harmonic explains more than 80% of the variance for all seasons. Furthermore, the diurnal harmonic has a maximum
amplitude for all seasons except summer, where the semidiurnal and six hourly harmonics are significant. 相似文献
802.
The recently launched IRS-P6 satellite has a unique capability of acquiring simultaneously multispectral data at three different spatial resolutions from three independent optical sensors (LISS-4, LISS-3 and AWIFS). Of these, the LISS-4 sensor can be operated in two modes: (i) multispectral (MX) mode covering a swath of 23 km and (ii) monochromatic (MO) mode covering a 70-km swath, both at a spatial resolution of 5 m. One of the important uses of the LISS-4 MO data is in realizing a 5 m band-sharpened multispectral image by merging it with the low-resolution LISS-3 MS image. Operationally anyone of the three LISS-4 bands can be chosen for the MO mode data acquisition. The performance of each band for producing band-sharpened MS images is evaluated, and the choice of the band based on the spatial and spectral characteristics of the merged data is suggested. The LISS-4 Red-band is found to be optimal. It provides band-sharpened imagery with spatial and spectral qualities very similar to the LISS-4 MX data products. 相似文献
803.
Anil V. Kulkarni Sunil Dhar B. P. Rathore Babu Govindha Raj K. Rajeev Kalia 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2006,34(1):39-46
Himalayas possess one of the largest resources of snow, ice and glaciers that act as a huge freshwater reservoir. Monitoring
the glaciers is important to assess the overall reservoir health of the Himalayas. Samudra Tapu is one of the largest glaciers
in Chandra basin of district Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. Based on the field investigations and the remote sensing
techniques. features such as accumulation area, ablation area snowline/equilibrium line, moraine-dammed lakes and permanent
snowfields were mapped. The glacial terminus was identified using moraine-dammed lake, as lake is located at down streamside
of the terminus. The total recession of glacier during the period of 38 years (1962–2000) is about 742 m with an average rate
of 19.5 m/yr. In addition, glacial extent is reduced from 73 to 65 km2 between 1962 and 2000. suggesting overall deglaciation of 11%. During field investigation. three stages of glaciation using
terminal moraine were identified. These moraines were mapped by merging LISS-II1 and PAN data. At the peak of glaciation.
the glacial terminus was extended 3.18 km downstream of terminus position in year 2000. Total area during peak of glaciation
period has been observed to be 77.67 km2, which is 12.67 km2 higher than the present glacier extent. 相似文献
804.
Groundwater assessment has been carried out through hydrogeomorphological and geophysical survey. Remotely sensed data has been used to delineate the hydrogeomorphological units. Each hydrogeomorphological unit has been further sub-divided based on the tone, texture and pattern. These units its have been categorised based on depth of weathering, local geomorphological association, recharge characteristics etc. The top layer resistivity of hydrogeomorphological units has been analysed by electrical resistivity method. Correlation between different sub-units of same hydrogeomorphic unit and top soil resistivity has been attempted. The correlation and integration of resistivity map with geomorphological map were carried out through. ‘GRAM’ Geographic information System, This has helped in better understanding the surface resistivity pattern. These sub divisions have different geohydrological and recharge characteristics. Resistivity zonation map prepared on the basis of limited field data anfd through interpolation/extrapolation can be modified/corrected with the help of information derived from remotely sensed data to obtain more realistic picture. 相似文献
805.
The role of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in modulating synoptic and interannual variations of surface winds over the
Indian monsoon region is studied using daily averaged National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric
Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalyses for the period 1987–1996. Two dominant ISOs are found in all years, with a period between
30–60 days and 10–20 days respectively. Although the ISOs themselves explain only about 10–25% of the daily variance, the
spatial structure of variance of the ISOs is found to be nearly identical to that of high frequency activity (synoptic disturbances),
indicating a significant control by the ISOs in determining the synoptic variations. Zonal and meridional propagation characteristics
of the two modes and their interannual variability are studied in detail.
The synoptic structure of the 30–60 day mode is similar in all years and is shown to be intimately related to the strong (‘active’)
or weak (‘break’) phases of the Indian summer monsoon circulation. The peak (trough) phase of the mode in the north Bay of
Bengal corresponds to the ‘active’ (‘break’) phase of monsoon strengthening (weakening) the entire large scale monsoon circulation.
The ISOs modulate synoptic activity through the intensification or weakening of the large scale monsoon flow (monsoon trough).
The peak wind anomalies associated with these ISOs could be as large as 30% of the seasonal mean winds in many regions. The
vorticity pattern associated with the 30–60 day mode has a bi-modal meridional structure similar to the one associated with
the seasonal mean winds but with a smaller meridional scale. The spatial structure of the 30–60 day mode is consistent with
fluctuations of the tropical convergence zone (TCZ) between one continental and an equatorial Indian Ocean position. The 10–20
day mode has maximum amplitude in the north Bay of Bengal, where it is comparable to that of the 30–60 day mode. Elsewhere
in the Indian Ocean, this mode is almost always weaker than the 30–60 day mode. In the Bay of Bengal region, the wind curl
anomalies associated with the peak phases of the ISOs could be as large as 50% of the seasonal mean wind curl. Hence, ISOs
in this region could drive significant ISOs in the ocean and might influence the seasonal mean currents in the Bay.
On the interannual time scale, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysed wind stress is compared with the Florida State University monthly
mean stress. The seasonal mean stress as well as interannual standard deviation of monthly stress from the two analyses agree
well, indicating absence of any serious systematic bias in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysed winds. It is also found that the composite
structure of the 30–60 day mode is strikingly similar to the dominant mode of interannual variability of the seasonal mean
winds indicating a strong link between the ISOs and the seasonal mean. The ISO influences the seasonal mean and its interannual
variability either through increased/decreased residence time of the TCZ in the continental position or through occurrence
of stronger/weaker active/break spells. Thus, the ISOs seem to modulate all variability in this region from synoptic to interannual
scales. 相似文献
806.
Sethu Raman Devdutta S. Niyogi A. Prabhu S. Ameenullah S. T. Nagaraj Udai Kumar S. Jayanna 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(1):97-105
Surface features such as soil moisture and vegetation have a profound impact on the surface energy balance and the atmospheric
boundary layer. To quantify this effect for a tropical location, a detailed field experiment, VEBEX, was designed and successfully
executed in a tropical site at Bangalore, India. VEBEX was a joint experiment between the North Carolina State University,
Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and the University of Agricultural Science (UAS) at Bangalore, India. Continuous surface
meteorological measurements were taken over an entire crop period (pre-sowing to post-harvest). During different stages of
the plant growth, intensive observations of surface turbulence, and measurements of physiological and soil moisture measurements
were also conducted. The results obtained provide an insight into the unusually strong variability for the tropics. Interpretation
of the observations and an overview of the analysis procedure and future research initiatives are also presented. 相似文献
807.
We quantitatively re-examine the nonlinear viscous damping of surface Alfvén waves in polar coronal holes, using recently reported observational data on electron density and temperature and the magnetic field spreading near the edges. It is found that in the nonlinear regime the viscous damping of surface Alfvén waves becomes a viable mechanism of solar coronal plasma heating when strong spreading of magnetic field is taken into account. Our estimations confirm that coronal heating is more pronounced in the nonlinear case than in the linear one in presence of magnetic field spreading. 相似文献
808.
Kojima Hiroyuki Song Qin Ajith Kumar Thankappan Kawata Yoshikazu Yano Shin-ichi 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(1):30-39
Transposable elements in cyanobacteria are briefly reviewed. Evidence is presented to show that transposable elements inSpirulina platensis is actually reflected on the phenotype change, i e., helical to straight filaments. Transposition intermediates of DNA were isolated from the extrachromosome and the transposition was related to helical variations inSpirulina. Uses of transposable elements for microalgal recombination are discussed based on the transposition mechanism.
相似文献809.
P C S Devara P E Raj G Pandithurai R S Maheskumar K K Dani 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1997,25(4):225-238
Lidar has evolved as one of the powerful and versatile techinqne for atmospheric monitoring and geophysical and hydrographic studies from different observational platforom. This paper discusses the recent advances that have taken place in the lidar technology for rnulti-dimensional atmospheric, hydragraphic and vegetation monitoring together with the results of some specific atmospheric studies carried our for the past ten years using the lider systems built at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorotogy (IITm) Pune. 相似文献
810.
Delineation of Active Faults, Nucleation Process and Pore Pressure Measurements at Koyna (India) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1