黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率对碳平衡的重要性

黄东海接受长江冲淡水和黑潮带来的大量营养盐和有机物质,其碳循环对陆架海碳源汇格局至关重要.浮游生物群落呼吸是影响碳循环的重要过程.为揭示黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率(PCR)对碳平衡的贡献,于2011年四季使用黑白瓶培养法测定黄海南部及东海北部浮游群落呼吸率和初级生产力,并同步测定温度、盐度、营养盐、叶绿素和细菌丰度等环境...     

三门湾沉积记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数-海表温度和浮游动物群落对厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜的响应

应用沉积地层记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数(U3K7)估算1916—2003年三门湾表层海水温度(SST)与变化。SST波动范围为15.97~18.00℃,年平均为17.03℃。该值比当年实测海水全年平均温度低3.52℃,同时应用长链烯醇不饱和指数与SST的关系重建历史上的厄尔尼诺现象。研究显示三门湾的厄尔尼诺气候事件在大尺度上与东太平洋一样均受制于气候影响,在变化尺度上又受到地理位置和地方性气候(季风)的影响,厄尔尼诺事件在形式和年代上相互对应,但是其涛动幅度不如东太平洋的强烈。通过比较厄尔尼诺期间(2003/2002年)和非厄尔尼诺期间(2006/2005年)的浮游动物群落结构变动信号、生物量、密度以及物种多样性等,在厄尔尼诺时期浮游动物种类数、生物量和丰度呈现偏高的趋势,三门湾的暖水性浮游动物类群、数量变化与台湾暖流活动过程中携带的浮游性动物有密切的联系。     

落物撞击作用下海底管道风险评估

海洋平台吊机起吊货物频繁,落物事故偶有发生,对平台附近的海底管道造成危害。在DNV推荐方法的基础上,改进了碰撞概率的计算方法。运用概率统计的方法以及失效概率理论编制Matlab程序,充分考虑各因素不确定性基础上,对落物撞击作用下海底管道进行了风险评估及敏感性分析。为减少落物对海底管线的损伤,及如何配置合理的防护措施提供了科学依据。     

2009年冬季南海北部浮游植物粒度分级生物量和初级生产力

2009年2月在南海北部海域现场观测粒度分级叶绿素a质量浓度和初级生产力(PP)的分布。结果表明,调查海域水柱平均叶绿素a质量浓度的变化范围为0.11～8.37 mg/m³,平均为(1.28±2.23) mg/m³,高值区出现在珠江口及近岸海域;初级生产力的范围为344.8～1 222.5 mgC/(m²·d),平均为(784.2±351.4) mgC/(m²·d),高值区位于近岸及陆架海域。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较高的近岸海域,叶绿素a的粒级结构以小型浮游植物占优势,其贡献率为40.9%,微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率分别为34.6%和24.5%;而在生物量较低的陆坡和开阔海域,各粒级浮游植物对叶绿素a的贡献率由大到小依次为微微型浮游植物(78.9%),微型浮游植物(17.2%)和小型浮游植物(3.9%)。相关性分析结果表明,调查海域分级叶绿素a的区域化分布特征与洋流运动下营养盐的分布密切相关,同时叶绿素a又高度影响着此区域PP的分布。此外,我们将调查海域实测所得浮游植物最佳光合作用速率与采用垂向归一化初级生产力模型估算的数据进行对比,发现后者明显低于前者,这说明通过水温估算最佳光合作用速率的算法在冬季南海北部可能存在低估。     

南海北部浮游植物生物量的研究特点及影响因素

介绍了浮游植物生物量变化的研究方法。综述了南海北部浮游植物生物量在营养盐、光照、季风等理化因子影响下出现的变化特点。该海域生态环境复杂,由富营养的珠江口、沿岸带、北部湾和广阔的陆架及贫营养的开阔海区等不同生态区组成,因此浮游植物群落和生物量有其自身复杂的空间和时间变化特点。     

Offshore Absolute Calibration of Space-Borne Radar Altimeters

Absolute calibration of sea level measurements collected from space-borne radar altimeters is usually performed with respect to collocated sea level in situ records from tide gauges or GPS buoys (Ménard et al. 1994 Ménard, Y., Jeansou, E. and Vincent, P. 1994. Calibration of the TOPEX-Poseidon altimeters at Lampedusa: Additional results at Harves. J. Geophys Res., 99(C12): 24487–24504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F94JC01300 [Google Scholar]; Haines et al. 1996 Haines, B. J., Christensen, E. J., Norman, R. A., Parke, M. E., Born, G. H. and Gill, S. K. 1996. Altimeter calibration and geophysical monitoring from collocated measurements at the Harvest oil platform. EOS Trans. Suppl., 77(22): W16 [Google Scholar]; Bonnefond et al. 2003; Haines et al. 2003 Haines, B. J., Dong, D., Born, G. H. and Gill, S. K. 2003. The Harvest experiment: Monitoring Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon from a California offshore platform. Mar. Geod., 26: 239–259. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Schum et al. 2003 Schum, C. K., Yi, Y., Cheng, K., Kuo, C., Braun, A., Calmant, S. and Chambers, D. 2003. Calibration of Jason-1 Altimeter over Lake Erie. Mar. Geod., 26: 335–354.  [Google Scholar]; Watson et al. 2003 Watson, C., Coleman, R., White, N., Church, J. and Govind, R. 2003. Absolute calibration of TOPEX/ Poseidon and Jason-1 using GPS buoys in Bass Strait, Australia. Mar. Geod., 26: 285–304. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Watson et al. 2004 Watson, C., White, N., Coleman, R., Church, J., Morgan, P. and Govind, R. 2004. TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1: Absolute calibration in Bass Strait, Australia. Mar. Geod., 27: 107–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F01490410490465373[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Such a method allows regular and long-term control of altimetric systems with independent records. However, this approach is based on a single, geographically dependent point. In order to obtain more significant and accurate bias and drift estimates, there is a strong interest in multiplying the number of calibration opportunities. This article describes a method, called the “offshore method” that was developed to extend the single-point approach to a wider regional scale. The principle is to compare altimeter and tide gauge sea level data not only at the point of closest approach of an overflying pass, but also at distant points along adjacent satellite passes. However, connecting sea level satellite measurements with more distant in situ data requires a more accurate determination of the geoid and mean ocean dynamic topography slopes, and also of the ocean dynamical changes. In this demonstration experiment, 10 years of averaged TOPEX/Poseidon mean sea level profiles are used to precisely determine the geoid and the mean ocean circulation slope. The Mog2d barotropic ocean model (Carerre et Lyard 2003 Carrère, L. and Lyard, F. 2003. Modelling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing-comparisons with observations. GRL, 30(6): 1275 [Google Scholar]) is used to improve our estimate of the ocean dynamics term. The method is first validated with Jason-1 data, off Corsica, where the dedicated calibration site of Senetosa provides independent reference data. The method is then applied to TOPEX/Poseidon on its new orbit and to Geosat Follow On. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to make altimeter calibrations a few tens to hundreds of kilometers away from a dedicated site, as long as accurate mean sea level altimeter profiles can be used to ensure the connection with reference tide gauges.     

某外海工程超长大直径钢管桩变形原因简析与加强方案研究

某外海工程在沉设超长大直径钢管桩施工过程中,发生钢管桩在海床泥面附近严重变形的情况。通过对本工程超长大直径钢管桩产生变形的可能性原因进行分析,同时对其变形处局部加强处理方案进行一系列的研究论证,并对加强处理方案进行比选优化后,最后采用一可靠的加强处理方案。为类似工程避免发生此类质量事故和钢管桩局部变形水下加强处理提供参考。     

对应分析在法国Douarnenez海湾拟庸鲽食性研究中的应用(Ⅱ)

２．４拟庸蝶食性的对应分析２．４．１观察量和变量的分组观察量（捕食鱼类）依不同季节（冬、夏季）、不同性别（雌雄性）和不同性成熟状态（幼鱼和成鱼）来分组，因此得到８（２３）个观察量。对应分析的变量（饵料）首先根据个体生态的不同分为６个类型：游走多毛类，隐居多毛类，双壳类，不大游动的甲壳类（端足目和等足目），爬行甲壳类（十足国短尾部）和棘皮动物。其他６个类型的饵料生物（类、纽虫类、小型游泳甲壳类、腔肠动物、鱼类及苔藓虫类顺在分组时剔除，其原因为它们的出现可能少了些。考虑到捕食鱼类和饵料双壳类贝壳厚度…