Corrigendum to:Preliminary validation of SMOS sea surface salinity measurements in the South China Sea

<正>Corrigendum to:Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol.33 No.1,P.551-551,2015http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3338-5The presentation of Eq.1 in Section 2 on page 263 was incorrect in the hardcopies.The correct version is given below.     

中天山及其北麓的降水变化及其原因分析

利用中天山地带85.0°～90.0°E,42.5°～45.0°N范围内17个气象站1961-2000年的降水、气温观测数据及美国NCEP/NCAR1950-2000年再分析月平均资料进行计算和分析,结果表明:这一区域近年来降水呈现上升趋势,且冬、夏季相对显著,山区降水增幅大于山前平原地带.年代际变化表现为60-70年代降水量减少,80-90年代逐步增加.大气可降水量多年也表现为增加趋势.近50a来该地区上空的水汽输送状况显示,年平均大气水汽输入为9217.8×10⁸m³,输出水汽8625.7×10⁸m³,净收支为592.0×10⁸m³,且水汽收支主要取决于夏半年的水汽输入量,境外全年输入的水汽只有6.4%转化为降水.从50-90年代水汽净收支总体上呈减少趋势,只在90年代有略微增长.结合该地区的河流径流增加、冰川物质平衡一直处于亏损状态,说明中天山北麓近年来降水量增加的主要原因是由于该地区内部的水循环量增加和水循环速率提高.     

城市化对华北地区最高, 最低气温和日较差变化趋势的影响

利用华北地区255个一般站和国家基本、 基准站1961\_2000年的实测资料, 经过质量检验和均一性订正后, 将所有台站根据人口和台站地理位置分为5个类别, 分析了这5个类别台站和国家基本、 基准站地面平均气温、 最高、 最低气温的年和季节变化趋势以及城市化影响。结果表明： 华北全部台站的年平均气温、 最高、 最低气温均呈增加趋势, 且以最低气温上升最为明显, 导致年平均日较差呈现明显下降。就城市化影响而言, 平均气温、 最低气温变化趋势中城市热岛效应加强因素的影响明显, 但城市化对最高气温趋势影响微弱, 个别台站和季节甚至可能造成降温。在国家基本、 基准站观测的年平均气温和年平均最低气温上升趋势中, 城市化造成的增温分别为0.11℃·(10a)-1和0.20℃·(10a)-1, 对全部增温的贡献率分别达39.3%和52.6%。各类台站的四季平均气温和最低气温序列中城市化影响均造成增温。城市化增温以冬季为最大, 夏季最小。城市化还导致乡村站以外的各类台站日较差减小, 近40年华北地区国家基本、 基准站年平均和秋、 冬季平均气温日较差明显下降均由城市化影响造成的。     

公路隧道中系统锚杆的功效研究

系统锚杆是锚喷支护的重要组成部分,目前广泛应用到公路隧道的初期支护中。然而,系统锚杆到底对隧道结构的稳定起到多少作用一直没有有效的定量计算方法。以某高速公路隧道为例,用有限元强度折减法计算了不同地质条件下锚杆对隧道安全系数大小的影响。结合有限元数值模拟,通过对锚杆各种效应的分析后得到如下结论：在很多地质条件下锚杆对公路隧道稳定性影响不大,建议在有条件的情况下可以逐步开展取消系统锚杆的工程试验验证,为公路隧道不设置系统锚杆提供更多的工程依据     

传感器布设中有效独立法的简捷快速算法

本文提出一个通过正交三角分解快速计算有效独立法系数的方法。有效独立法是传感器布设中影响最广泛的一种方法,它使目标模态尽可能线性独立。传统的有效独立法计算需要对信息阵进行特征值分解或者计算矩阵逆,计算量较大。本文在笔者以前得出的有效独立法与模态动能法关系的基础上,提出先通过对模态矩阵进行正交三角分解（QR）,然后比较其行范数即可得到有效独立法的系数,进而对各待选传感器位置进行排序并迭代依次删除。在待选传感器位置比感兴趣的模态数较多时,该法的计算效率明显提高。同时,采用正交三角分解删除一行后的更新算法,进一步提高了迭代计算的效率。最后通过I-40桥的算例表明该法的有效性。     

Hydrological cycle and water balance estimates for the megadune–lake region of the Badain Jaran Desert,China

The hydrology and water balance of megadunes and lakes have been investigated in the Badain Jaran Desert of China. Field observations and analyses of sand layer water content, field capacity, secondary salt content, and grain size reveal 3 types of important natural phenomenon: (a) vegetation bands on the leeward slope of the megadunes reflect the hydrological regime within the sandy vadose zone; (b) seepage, wet sand deposits, and secondary salt deposits indicate the pattern of water movement within the sandy vadose zone; (c) zones of groundwater seeps and descending springs around the lakes reflect the influence of the local topography on the hydrological regime of the megadunes. The seepage exposed on the sloping surface of the megadunes and gravity water contained within the sand layer confirm the occurrence of preferential flow within the vadose zone of the megadunes. Alternating layers of coarse and fine sand create the conditions for the formation of preferential flows. The preferential flows promote movement of water within the sand layer water that leads to deep penetration of water within the megadunes and ultimately to the recharging of groundwater and lake water. Our results indicate that a positive water balance promotes recharge of the megadunes, which depends on the high permeability of the megadune material, the shallow depth of the surface sand layer affected by evaporation, the occurrence of rainfall events exceeding 15 mm, and the sparse vegetation cover. Water balance estimates indicate that the annual water storage of the megadunes is about 7.5 mm, accounting for only 8% of annual precipitation; however, the shallow groundwater per unit area under the megadunes receives only 3.6% of annual precipitation, but it is still able to maintain a dynamic balance of the lake water. From a water budget perspective, the annual water storage in the megadunes is sufficient to serve as a recharge source for lake water, thereby enabling the long‐term persistence of the lakes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that precipitation is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid deserts.     

北川羌族自治县国际旅游城镇建设研究

5.12汶川大地震后,北川县城易地重建,并将以建设国际旅游城镇为重要目标之一。分析了北川国际旅游城镇建设所面临的新的约束条件,从资源禀赋结构变化、地域文化重建、旅游产业先导、旅游环境安全等方面揭示其特殊性。从供需两个角度以大旅游产业的视角,构建并拓展了国际旅游城镇建设的一般要素模型。在此基础上,探讨了北川须重点发展的关键竞争力要素,提出四大精品国际旅游产品的开发思路,以及国际旅游城镇建设的必要支撑措施。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUMMER LOW-FREQUENCY RAINFALL OVER SOUTHERN CHINA AND PROPAGATION OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION

This study investigates the relationship between summer low-frequency rainfall over southern China and tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the atmosphere by examining systematically the propagation features of the tropical ISO in terms of focusing on five large-scale low-frequency rainfall regimes in summer over southern China. It is demonstrated that there is a close linkage between the five rainfall regimes over southern China and the northward propagation of the tropical ISO. The moist ISO signals, which influence the low-frequency rainfall events in different regions of southern China, mainly propagate northwestward from the tropical ocean to the southeast of China. The southeast China rainfall regime is intimately associated with the moist ISO signals propagating northwestward from the equatorial mid-western Pacific Ocean. For both the Yangtze River regime and South of Yangtze River regime, the moist ISO signals over the northern South China Sea show an evident northward propagation towards the Yangtze River region, and then propagate westward. It is further found that the interaction between the northward propagation of low-latitude ISO signals and the southward propagation of high-latitude ISO signals can also make a clear influence on the low-frequency rainfall in southern China. For the Southern China regime, the moist ISO signals show a significant northward propagation from the Philippines. Moreover, for the rainless regime, southern China is under dry ISO signals’ control, and the latter shows no clear propagation to southern China. This study may provide insights for the extended-range forecasting of summer rainfall in southern China.     

顶山地区乌伦古河组铀成矿水文地质条件分析

本从区域水地质及构造特征出发，分析了顶山地区乌伦古河组铀成矿水地质条件总结了该地区铀成矿模式，并对该地区铀成矿前景做出预测。     

广西前汛期旱涝特征及成因分析

利用 EOF分解和 Z指数对广西前汛期 (4～ 6月 )降水进行型态分布及旱涝等级的划分 ,研究旱涝的空间分布、年际变化及年代际变化 ,并对旱涝成因进行了分析。结果表明 :广西前汛期降水的一致性较好 ;6 0年代和 90年代为旱涝多发年代 ,70年代以涝为主要特征 ,80年代以旱为主要特征。影响广西前汛期降水的环流因子主要有中高纬环流经向度、北半球极涡、印缅槽及副热带高压 ;中低纬太平洋海区对广西前汛期降水多少的影响亦较明显