黄河三角洲的沉积动力分区

以2000年及2007年黄河三角洲滨海区采集的123和155个表层沉积物样品为数据基础,经实验室分析取得各样品的粒度参数,结合地貌条件、动力条件和水深资料,探讨黄河三角洲滨海区沉积物的分布类型、粒度特征以及其动力分区等方面的规律。黄河三角洲滨海区表层沉积物类型主要为砂质粉砂;中值粒径由岸向海逐渐变细;分选系数整体偏高反映了的复杂性;偏态值均为正,其极高值大都分布于水深10m左右的区域;峰态的极大值分布于现行河口的南侧,极小值分布于湾湾沟口和飞雁滩以东的近岸。Flemming三角图反映出冲蚀区的动力条件整体较强;淤积区内清水沟老河口附近的动力条件比现行河口强;浅海平原区水动力较弱且单一。     

K干旱指数在甘肃省干旱监测业务中的应用

利用K干旱指数及其干旱监测预测业务系统,着重介绍了K干旱指数在甘肃省干旱监测业务中的应用。从K干旱指数的定义、等级、标准、应用及其监测结果与实际干旱状况的比较方面进行了分析。结果表明,与实际的旱情比较,K干旱指数在甘肃省2008年春季、5月、6月、伏期（7—8月）以及秋季前期9月的干旱监测中有较好的监测效果。     

爆炸波在高饱和度饱和土中传播规律的研究

通过在? 2.5×5 m模拟爆炸装置中进行饱和土爆炸试验,得到了变埋深条件下饱和土中的压力实测波形,实测到了冲击波和弹性波,二者之间具有较明显的分界,爆炸近区和远区荷载形式具有较大的区别。通过综合分析给出了饱和土中波的传播规律,揭示饱和土中爆炸冲击波传播时出现流体动力区和冲击波形成等性质,建立了饱和土双线性递增硬化本构关系,确定了由冲击波向弹性波转换的分界压力。     

Data Analysis of Chang’E-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U, K, and Th Elemental Abundances

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is one of the main payloads on the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03:58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105?h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra: first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances     

软弱土层的自钻式锚固技术

从软土壤的锚固材料、设计方法、施工工艺等方面,论述软弱土层自钻式锚固技术。     

非补偿陆相断陷盆地层序地层学研究——以廊固凹陷古近系为例

非补偿沉积表现为无明显的沉积间断面,单层暗色泥岩厚度大,分布范围广,沉积剖面以退积为特点。通过对廊固凹陷古近系基底地层、物源体系的研究,结合沉积物组合特点、沉积剖面序列和构造发育阶段特征,分析了非补偿沉积盆地的层序发育样式,总结了非补偿盆地层序边界发育特征,建立了层序地层格架,共划分了1个一级层序、3个二级层序、11个三级层序。研究了不同沉积、构造背景下各层序组内体系域的样式,将一个完整的层序划分为湖泊充填体系域、湖泊扩张体系域、湖泊稳定体系域及湖泊萎缩体系域(下降体系域)等4个阶段,使体系域的叠加与层序的演化相关联。建立了非补偿型陆相盆地有利体系域沉积模式,认为物源的演替是其主控因素,复杂的断裂系统仅是一种控制沉积作用的一种表象。     

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long‐Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River,China

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur. Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards. Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations, geological field surveys, geophysical prospecting and geological dating results, this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism. This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP. The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km, with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area. The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout. During the sliding process, the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley. The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area. Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick. After the dam broke, the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide. The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift, topography, geomorphology and paleoclimatic change. The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured, thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence. Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault, which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide, may have been the main factor inducing landsliding. Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.     

喜马拉雅山珠峰绒布冰川流域径流模拟

基于2009年5-10月喜马拉雅山北坡珠峰绒布冰川流域实测水文气象数据、 50 m分辨率DEM和中国第一次冰川编目资料, 在HYCYMODEL水文模型中加入冰川消融子模块, 模拟了绒布冰川流域径流过程.冰川消融子模块以海拔5 180 m基站的实测日气温、 日降水作为模型输入, 把气温、 降水插值到该流域40个高程带中, 分别计算各高程带的冰川消融和裸地蒸发, 并考虑液态降水对冰面的加热作用.野外气象观测表明: 2009年5-10月流域海拔5 180~5 750 m内, 月气温递减率在0.63~0.73 ℃·(100m)^-1之间, 均值为0.70 ℃·(100m)^-1; 同期降水观测显示, 海拔5 180 m以下降水梯度为-7.3 mm·(100m)^-1, 该高度之上降水梯度为22 mm·(100m)^-1. HYCYMODEL水文模型的敏感性检验表明, 该流域径流变化主要受气温影响, 降水变化引起的径流变化较小, 气温和降水变化对流域径流的影响是非线性的.     

怀柔应急水源地可持续供水与水源涵养研究

怀柔应急水源地自运行以来一直续采至今,由于连续干旱和多年的超设计规模运行,导致区内水文地质条件发生了较大变化,为保证其"应急供水"的能力,具备随时启动供水的功能,结合南水北调水源进京的机遇,从资源回补涵养和供水系统的热备运行两方面开展研究工作。在综合分析区域水文地质条件和研究多年地下水动态变化规律的基础上,利用地下水数值模型对怀柔应急水源地在不同开采条件下的回补方式和效果进行模拟,拟定了南水北调进京后区域水资源人工回补方案及应急水源地的热备运行方案,并模拟预测了水源地热备运行和地下水涵养效果,为怀柔应急水源地可持续供水提供科学依据。分析结果表明:南水北调水源进京后,怀柔应急水源地可采用夏季高峰集中供水与日常保压相结合的"集中开采"方案和日常"稳压开采"方案。     

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床金矿体受赋矿层位(黑色岩系地层)及断裂构造双重因素控制,在走向上呈尖灭再现的透镜状产出.目前勘查程度仅限于矿区范围内,且勘查深度仅为地表以下300m左右.根据矿区多个金矿体地质特征及赋存位置,总结其控矿特征和成矿规律.分析认为矿区边部和深部具有很大的找矿潜力.