Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

厦门市地震应急工作讨论——以应对台湾花莲海域6.7级地震为例

介绍了2009年12月19日台湾花莲海域发生6.7级地震基本情况及厦门市地震局应急处理过程。并讨论了如何完善应急对策。对厦门市今后的地震应急工作有一定的指导意义。     

厦门东孚井水氡异常研究

根据厦门东孚井水氡多年的观测资料,分析了水氡异常与地震活动的关系。分析结果认为,该井点映震效果较好,特别是对发生在长乐-诏安断裂带上的地震,映震能力尤为明显。     

中国东北地区林地面积变化的动态模拟

There is plenty of forests in Northeast China which contributes a lot to the conservation of water and land resources, produces timber products, and provides habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants. With changes of socio-economic factors as well as the geophysical conditions, there are dramatic changes on the spatial patterns of forest area. In this sense, it is of great significance to shed light on the dynamics of forest area changes to find the underlining reasons for shaping the changing patterns of forest area in Northeast China. To explore the dynamics of forest area change in Northeast China, an econometric model is developed which is composed of three equations identifying forestry production, conversion from open forest to closed forest and conversion from other land uses to closed forest so as to explore the impacts on the forest area changes from demographic, social, economic, location and geophysical factors. On this basis, we employ the Dynamics of Land System (DLS) model to simulate land-use conversions between forest area and non-forest cover and the land-use conversions within the sub-classes of forest area for the period 2000–2020 under business as usual scenario, environmental protection scenario and economic growth scenario. The simulation results show that forest area will expand continuously and there exist various kinds of changing patterns for the sub-classes of forest area, for example, closed forest will expand continuously and open forest and shrub will decrease a little bit, while area of other forest will keep intact. The research results provide meaningful decision-making information for conserving and exploiting the forest resources and making out the planning for forestry production in the Northeast China region.     

聚丙烯纤维复合土抗裂补强特性试验研究

将聚丙烯纤维按不同类型、不同组合、不同含量掺入土中的三轴压缩试验,研究了聚丙烯纤维复合土的应力-应变性状及对复合土强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,加固黏性土要选择分散性好的束状单丝聚丙烯纤维,而不是网状聚丙烯纤维,聚丙烯纤维按占土质量0.2%时为最佳掺入量,束状单丝聚丙烯纤维长度为6 mm+10 mm+15 mm+19 mm的4种组合较为理想,可使聚丙烯纤维复合土微结构联结强度得到明显改善,抗裂补强,黏性土抗剪强度得到极大的提高。     

心墙堆石坝应力状态对渗流场影响的有限元分析

一般对土石坝进行渗流分析时都未考虑坝体的应力场对渗流场的影响。然而,在土石坝的蓄水过程中,坝体内的应力状态复杂且变化大,对渗流场的影响也较大。因此,忽略应力场对渗流场的影响必然造成一定的误差。用有限元方法对心墙堆石坝体蓄水过程中考虑和不考虑应力场影响的渗流场进行对比分析,计算结果表明,渗流-应力耦合作用下坝体局部压密变形,渗透流速减小,心墙下游出逸区域的水力坡降峰值明显高于非耦合值。因此,渗流分析时有必要考虑应力场的影响,否则会得出偏于危险且对工程不利的结果     

Comparison of daily and sub-daily SWAT models for daily streamflow simulation in the Upper Huai River Basin of China

Despite the significant role of precipitation in the hydrological cycle, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impacts of the temporal resolution of rainfall inputs on the performance of SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) models in large-sized river basins. In this study, both daily and hourly rainfall observations at 28 rainfall stations were used as inputs to SWAT for daily streamflow simulation in the Upper Huai River Basin. Study results have demonstrated that the SWAT model with hourly rainfall inputs performed better than the model with daily rainfall inputs in daily streamflow simulation, primarily due to its better capability of simulating peak flows during the flood season. The sub-daily SWAT model estimated that 58 % of streamflow was contributed by baseflow compared to 34 % estimated by the daily model. Using the future daily and 3-h precipitation projections under the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 scenario as inputs, the sub-daily SWAT model predicted a larger amount of monthly maximum daily flow during the wet years than the daily model. The differences between the daily and sub-daily SWAT model simulation results indicated that temporal rainfall resolution could have much impact on the simulation of hydrological process, streamflow, and consequently pollutant transport by SWAT models. There is an imperative need for more studies to examine the effects of temporal rainfall resolution on the simulation of hydrological and water pollutant transport processes by SWAT in river basins of different environmental conditions.     

纤维水泥土力学性能的试验研究

为了解加入纤维对水泥土力学性能的影响,对素水泥土及纤维水泥土进行了无侧限抗压和疲劳试验。研究结果表明,添加纤维可小幅度提高水泥土的抗压强度;与素水泥土相比,纤维水泥土在达到应力峰值时的应变明显增大,破坏后的残余强度也有所提高;纤维的加入提高了水泥土的延性,减少了裂缝的开展,改善了其力学性能;添加纤维后水泥土抵抗疲劳的能力明显增强;掺入纤维对水泥土抗疲劳能力的提高程度远大于其对水泥土无侧限强度的提高程度;水泥土的应力水平和疲劳寿命之间具有单对数线性关系;在循环荷载作用下水泥土表现为低应力性破裂特征。     

自发地理信息可信度及其评价

由于自发地理信息数据主要来源于志愿者上传,不可避免地存在数据质量缺乏保障等问题,故限制了其广泛应用。针对自发地理信息数据质量未知、参考数据难以获取等问题,本文引入了数据可信度的概念,从区域内用户信誉度之和与数据变化趋势2个方面对自发地理信息的可信度进行评价,将定性分析结果进行量化表达。首先,利用李纳斯定理计算区域内用户的信誉度之和获取数据质量的相关信息,以志愿者上传数据中保留的点所占比重作为志愿者的信誉度,构建了基于点统计的志愿者信誉度模型。接着,从数据量变化的趋势中获取数据的质量信息,通过计算研究区域内数据量的变化程度进行数据变化趋势度量。最后,以北京等地区OpenStreetMap数据作为实验对象,验证了方法的有效性。实验结果表明,利用该方法所得出的实验结果与基于参考数据的质量评价结果总体上保持一致。     

参数控制的地图符号编辑器设计

设计了一种实现参数控制的地图符号编辑器,可以对地图符号的每个图元、每个参数进行精确控制,而且点线面符号均采用基本图元组合而成,与具体的绘制语言无关,可以支持不同平台、不同环境的地图显示与输出。