Remote Sensing of Eupatorium Adenophorum Spreng Based on HJ-A Satellite Data

In the southwest of China, one of the greatest threats to local ecosystem is the area expansion of an invasive species, i.e., Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (EAS). In this study, the remote-sensing technology was used to detect and map the spatial distribution of EAS in Guizhou Province, China. A series of vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio index (SRI) and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), were used to identify EAS from HJ-A Chninese satellite data. According to the analysis results of fieldworks from March 21 to 22, 2009, it was found that the vegetation index of {1.9589 ≤ SRI ≤ 4.1095}∩{0.2359 ≤ ARVI ≤ 0.5193} was the optimal remote-sensing parameter for identifying EAS from HJ-A data. According to the spatial distribution of EAS estimated from HJ-A data, it was found that EAS was rather more in southwest of Guizhou Province than in northeast. EAS became sparse from southwest to northeast gradually, and the central Guizhou Province was the ecological corridor linking EAS in southwest to that in northeast. By comparison with validated data collected by the government of Guizhou Province, it was found that the uncertainty of remote-sensing method was 18.52%, 29.31%, 8.77% and 9.46% in grassland, forest, farmland and others respectively, and the mean uncertainty was 13.29%. Owing to the lower height of EAS than many plants in forest, the uncertainty of EAS was the greatest in forest than that in grassland, farmland and so on.     

Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Film and the Adsorption of Iodide

正Iodine and iodine compounds are widely applied in medicaments,dyes,energy materials,food additives etc.The development and utilization of iodine resources have attracted much attention.A large amount of iodide is     

海南岛鹿回头现代珊瑚岸礁发育史

海南岛南部鹿回头现代珊瑚岸礁发育很好,是我国久负盛名的岸礁研究区。礁区南北两侧是基岩组成的山岭,中央为宽约2km的连岛砂洲,砂洲由礁块和生物碎屑堆积而成。连岛砂洲两侧为海湾,西北侧称三亚湾,东南侧为小东海,海湾中发育有现代珊瑚岸礁。     

国际标准海图的解析与三维显示研究

在．NET环境下,利用C#语言,研究并从底层实现了符合S-57规范的国际标准海图的解析,并将解析出的海图数据与遥感影像,DEM数据进行三维叠加显示,增强了海图显示的真实性,对于海图的应用与发展有一定的意义。     

高速铁路地基黄土微结构的分形研究

基于分形理论,结合Photoshop等图像分析处理软件,在图像处理过程中选择适当的阈值,本文对郑州-西安客运专线地基黄土在动荷载作用下变形前后的孔隙微观结构进行分形研究.研究表明,黄土孔隙微观结构具有分形特征,揭示了黄土孔隙分形分维同孔隙比之间有近似直线的关系,且孔隙微结构分形分维越大,土体强度越大,反之越小.     

新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿床石英闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对新疆巴里坤红石滩铜矿区出露的石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明红石滩石英闪长斑岩形成年龄为403.1±3.8 Ma,形成时代为早泥盆世.此外,测得的两个锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为895 Ma左右,表明研究区可能存在早元古代基底.红石滩石英闪长斑岩体与铜矿关系密切,是寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿的有利场所,为今后在该区寻找同类型铜矿提供重要依据.     

三种典型岩石单轴抗压强度的尺寸效应试验研究

尺寸效应是岩石力学领域研究的难点与热点。本文利用自主研发的大尺寸刚性试验机,开展了最大样品尺寸为400 mm×400 mm×800 mm大理岩、闪长岩和凝灰岩的单轴抗压强度试验,从等高宽比条件下岩石强度的尺寸效应和不同高宽比条件下岩石强度变化两个方面开展了岩石强度尺寸效应研究,结果表明:相同高宽比条件下,岩石强度随样品尺寸的增大呈对数形式减小,且逐渐趋于定值;不同高宽比情况,岩石长宽为200 mm×200 mm,高度分别为200 mm,400 mm,600 mm和800 mm,岩石单轴抗压强度随高宽比的增加表现出先减小后增大的变化规律,对应的破坏形式表现为复杂劈裂、劈裂和剪切破坏。本文试验结果为丰富岩石尺寸效应研究提供了基础数据,同时对实际工程中岩体强度尺寸效应的修正具有一定参考价值。     

Distribution characteristics of Geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley after the Wenchuan earthquake

A devastating earthquake of Ms 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area on May 12, 2008. The quake triggered numerous landslides and avalanches in Ganxi Valley. Aerial photo interpretation indicates that the landslides and avalanches, presently in a stable state, are concentrated in 91 subregions of the valley, occupying 10.42 km², about 29% of the valley area. Some laws have been found on the gradient, aspect, elevation, distance of rupture, and formation lithology of geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley: (1) They are mainly situated on slopes between 30° and 50° and increase in number with increasing slope; (2) Failures are mainly in a southerly direction; and most occurred between 1,000 and 1,600 m, especially between 1,000 and 1,400 m; (3) Most are within 2,000 m of the Beichuan fault or within 1,000 m of other major faults; (4) most failures occurred from the T₁f + t formation in the study area. The geo-hazards status quo of Ganxi Valley provides foundation for the scheme of hazard reducing in the future.     

基于不同海拔高度的雷达降水估测试验

在国内外雷达定量估测区域降水量一些方法基础上,将降水类型、地理位置和海拔高度同时纳入考虑范畴,在成都CINRAD/SC雷达站(海拔高度596.5 m)200 km范围内选择实验区,并按海拔高度将所选区域分为3区。然后利用2010年7—8月的雷达体扫资料以及同时段、同时次的雨量计数据,采用最优化算法分别在每个区域内修订传统Z-I关系中的"A,b"系数,以得到不同海拔地区的Z-I关系和每小时雨量估测值。研究表明,与直接采用传统的Z-I关系定量测量降水相比,各个区域内,经改善后的Z-I关系准确率提高了20%左右,算法相对简单,适合业务使用。     

大兴安岭十八站—韩家园地区晚中生代火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

大兴安岭十八站—韩家园地区发育晚中生代基性-中酸性火山岩。选取粗面安山岩、粗面岩、流纹岩进行年代学和岩石地球化学研究。粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为125.2±0.9 Ma,为早白垩世火山作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征表明,中酸性火山岩属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。岩石稀土元素总量∑REE=121.42×10~(-6)~154.43×10~(-6),轻、重稀土元素分异明显(La/Yb)_N=19.25~31.98,在稀土元素配分图上显示右倾型,除一个流纹岩样品具显著负Eu异常外,多数样品无明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.45~0.90)。岩石具弱富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的特征。结合区域资料,认为十八站—韩家园地区早白垩世中酸性火山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合机制下后碰撞伸展背景。粗面安山岩、粗面岩和流纹岩系同源岩浆部分熔融与结晶分异作用的结果,岩浆来源于受俯冲流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。