CAWS600型自动气象站定时数据异常的故障处理

自动气象站的建设与保障是目前全区业务工作的一个重点,而如何有效地保证数据的实时及准确性、连续性,也是自动气象站保障工作中亟待解决的课题。为使观测数据具有代表、准确和比较性。通过近几年对自动气象站的维护保障工作,总结出CAWS600型自动气象站定时数据异常的故障判断和检修方法、步骤,以及缺失数据补救办法。     

Scale effect on sediment yield from sloping surfaces to basins in hilly loess region on the Loess Plateau in China

Based on data from two runoff plots and ten stations in hilly loess region Dalihe drainage basin ranging in area from 0.0006 to 3983 km² on the Loess Plateau, the relationship between mean annual specific sediment yield (Y _s) and drainage area (A) is studied, which is different from those for many other drainage areas of the world, neither at the scale of whole basin nor at local scale on the Loess Plateau. With increasing drainage area, the mean annual specific sediment yield experiences two peak values: the first peak value appears at 0.00408 km² in area corresponding to the whole slope surface, and the second peak value appears at 96.1 km² in area. The non-linear variation in the Y _s–A can be explained as follows: the first peak value can be explained by the abrupt increase in slope gradient and flow shear stress resulting in highly increased sediment concentration and specific sediment yield. And the second peak value can be explained by the combined influence of flow shear stress and drainage density, represented by dimensionless variable Ω.     

一种基于频谱段能量的高分辨率遥感图像边缘特征检测方法

从图像信号的能量角度出发,探讨一种基于频谱段能量的高分辨率遥感图像边缘检测的方法。该方法采用滑动窗口傅里叶变换和频谱能量分段叠置的手段,将含有噪声的图像信号分解到不同的频谱段中,然后根据直流中心频谱段图像良好的噪声抑制特性,在此基础上进一步分析其高阶频谱段能量对图像边缘特征的贡献作用,将3×3的滑动子窗口中频谱半径为1～1.5范围内的频谱能量系数进行求和叠置,并量化至0～255的灰度范围,得到最终的边缘检测图像。试验结果表明,基于频谱能量所检测出的图像边缘特征响应较为显著,视觉效果尚可,并且具有特定方向上的边缘检测能力。     

Evaluation of mouse bioassay results in an inter-laboratory comparison for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.     

新疆乌恰托云苏约克泉华景观特征及成因

苏约克泉华位于新疆乌恰县托云乡托云盆地北缘、天山山系西部吐尔尕特山南麓,是西北干旱地区泉华的典型代表。在对苏约克泉华水文地质、地貌、区域地质背景进行全面考察的基础上,通过岩石标本分析、水样全分析,以及河水和泉水的氢氧稳定同位素比较,对泉华景观的成因进行了初步研究。结果表明:苏约克泉为典型的冷泉,泉水水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca~(2+)型;吐尔尕特山南坡冰雪融水和夏季降水为其主要补给,补给高度与雪线高度吻合,区域内泉水均属于气候成因型;在地层深部的热变质作用和灰岩去碳酸化过程中产生的大量CO_2,成为逸气的主要气体成分;在深部水循环过程中部分CO_2与围岩、宿主岩石进行化学反应所形成的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)等离子,成为泉华的物质基础;泉华滩表面密集发育微型钙华池和边石坝。泉华的主要成分为CaCO_3,其次含有少量MgCO_3,类型上属于泉华中的钙华;氧化形成的高价Fe~(3+)使泉华滩呈现出以白色、棕红色为主多种色彩。     

非饱和土剑桥模型的基本框架

分析了用有效应力原理和用两个应力变量建立非饱和土力学理论的区别与联系，借助于有效应力原理将饱和土的剑桥模型推广到非饱和土，并与现有的几种塑性模型作了对比分析。     

Growth and reproduction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sophora moorcroftiana</Emphasis> responding to altitude and sand burial in the middle Tibet

Sophora moorcroftiana, an endemic leguminous shrub in Tibet, is found in valleys, slopes, terraces from 3,000 to 3,900 m above sea level along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. S. moorcroftiana is more tolerant of sand burial than other species in the valleys and is regarded as an ideal species for studying acclimatization to climatic factors. Stem basal diameter showed decline as altitude increased from 3,039 to 3,928 m in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. Population density increased with the rise of altitude. However, seed bank density, seed germination and seed weight of S. moorcroftiana did not change with changing elevation. Plants responded to altitude variances with remarkable sensitivities. Stem basal diameter size declined along the vertical gradient between plateau and mountainside. Both in alpine and plateau areas, plants similarly adapted growth to altitude, but displayed different responses with respect to reproductive parameters, such as seed bank density, dry weight of seed, seed germination, seedling density and sapling density. Sand accretion remarkably reduced seed bank density and seedling density of the total population of S. moorcroftiana, but could promote shoot sprouting and shoot growing on the individual scale that stimulated the overall development of the population. The results suggested that this particular foredune species did not merely tolerate sand burial, but actually responded positively to sand accumulation.     

SPATIAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION AND LITHOLOGY IN DU‘AN YAO AUTONOMOUS COUNTY IN GUANGXI

Karst rocky desertification refers to soil degeneration process such as serious erosion of soils,exposure of basement rocks in great areas, dramatic decrease in soil productivity, and occurrence oflandscapes similar to harsh deserts on ground surface, etc. under vulnerable environmental backgroundtypical of karst in subtropical areas, due to interferences and destruction resulted from the unreasonablesocial and economical activities by human beings (Wang, 2002). As a matter of fact, it was res…     

川北诺水河景区溶洞分布特征及影响因素探析

选取诺水河景区48个典型溶洞为研究对象,参阅本地区区域地质图和水文地质图,在对洞穴发育高度、层位、构造位置、发育方向、节理走向,以及地下水和地表水系部分特征进行详细调查前提下,利用最邻近距离法、节理分析法、GIS缓冲区法等方法,对溶洞群的洞口高程分布、洞穴发育方向、空间分布格局、洞穴与构造及地表水系关系等分布特征进行了分析,并对溶洞群分布特征的影响因素进行了探析。结果表明,① 洞口高程分布在空间上具有层级性,在时间上具有阶段性,研究区洞穴主要沿北西西、北东东向发育,并且越接近地表河流洞穴出口分布越多,洞穴群呈凝聚态分布,越接近构造转折端洞穴分布越密集;② 影响洞穴分布的主要因素包括：地层和碳酸盐岩岩性差异,构造派生节理发育状况以及多期次构造变形和构造隆升,地下水的类型和作用,地表水系对地下水系的影响,以及北亚热带季风气候条件下地形的影响等。     

基于集约理念的海上风电用海面积控制指标研究

近年来我国沿海地区海上新能源用海、油气用海、交通运输用海等需求显著提高,对海洋空间资源的刚性需求急剧增加,供需矛盾日益紧张。尤其是海上风电用海,受国家宏观战略影响,呈现跨越式发展,装机容量跃居世界第一。大规模海上风电建设对海洋空间资源配置提出更高的要求,如何既保障海上风电用海需求,又协调海上风电与其他行业的用海矛盾,成为亟待解决的重要问题。树立自然资源集约利用理念能够良好解决上述问题,集约利用理念既是全面提高海洋空间资源利用效率的内在要求以及协调保护与利用显著矛盾的需要,更是协调保护与发展关系的关键。基于此,文章系统分析现有海上风电场外缘边线包络海域面积、确权海域面积等数据,采用集约化的空间资源开发理念,从项目选址与海缆路由、风电场设计与技术要求、用海范围及确权面积控制等方面完善海上风电用海面积控制指标体系,以期提高海上风电项目用海集约水平。