郯庐断裂带南段继承性断裂构造控矿模式研究及其应用效果——以皖东北五河金矿整装勘查为例

郯庐断裂带南段的皖东北地区地质构造复杂,多为厚覆盖区,找矿难度大。由于控矿条件难以调查清楚,缺乏具有区域特色的勘查理论指导,区内金矿勘查长期没有取得突破成果。笔者依托五河金矿整装勘查项目,进行了区域重磁异常特征和成矿规律分析研究,发现皖东北地区北东- 北北东向重力低异常具有弧形条带特征,并以郯庐断裂带为界,大致具有旋转对称性。重磁异常保存印支期构造格架痕迹信息,反映了郯庐断裂带南段时空演化特征,显示了北东- 北北东向主要断裂构造具有继承性,形成于印支期,燕山期继续活动,控制白垩纪“红层盆地”和燕山期成岩成矿作用。中低温热液型金多金属矿床和矽卡岩型铜金矿床是皖东北地区主要矿床类型,均受继承性断裂构造控制。结合郯庐断裂的演化特征,利用物探成果引领地质理论创新,提出了郯庐断裂带南段矿床的“继承性断裂构造控矿模式”。根据继承性断裂构造形成机理分析其空间分布规律,总结了矿化蚀变构造带的物探异常标志,解决了皖东北覆盖区成矿预测与找矿靶区圈定难题,在五河金矿整装勘查区应用取得了重要找矿成果,圈定6个金矿找矿靶区,得到了钻探验证,已发现中型规模金矿床2处、小型3处,估算潜在资源量可达特大型规模,实现了安徽省境内郯庐断裂带金矿找矿的重大突破。     

蚌埠-凤阳地区构造格架与找矿方向研究

在蚌埠-凤阳浅覆盖区,依据重磁异常进行地质构造解释,基本查明了构造格架,确定了新的找矿方向。研究结果表明,蚌埠复背斜构造轴线为向南凸出的弧形,西部地区走向北西西,与蚌埠隆起构造线一致,中部凤阳县城地区走向近东西,东部地区走向北东。郯庐断裂构造的左行牵引作用是引起轴线变化的主要原因。由此圈定了蚌埠岩体隐覆边界线和凤阳县-总铺构造岩浆热液活动带范围。编制了蚌埠-凤阳地区物探推断基岩构造纲要图。提出了蚌埠岩体接触带、构造岩浆热液活动带和重要断裂带交汇部位为找矿有利地区,为该区指明了找矿方向。     

Research on the impact assessment of urbanization on air environment with urban environmental entropy model: a case study

A new concept of urban environmental entropy was introduced to investigate the effect of urbanization on air environment considering the fact that rapid development of urbanization may have negative influence on the whole air environment system. The urban environmental entropies which were built based on the generalized thermodynamic entropy and the generalized statistic entropy, respectively. These two entropy models have been used to analyze the relationship between the development of urbanization and air environment. The negative entropy flow mechanism was proposed to reveal the advantages and approaches of regional cities in improving air environment system. A case study on 17 cities in Shandong Province of China showed that the values of urban environmental entropy were negative in most cities from 2001 to 2008, which implies that there is a positive correlation between the development of urbanization and air environment and that is a negative entropy development level in Shandong Province of China. In 2008, the urbanization of Qingdao city and Jinan city improved their air environments. Moreover, restraints for both cities in air environment improvement were recognized according to the analysis of negative entropy flow mechanism.     

Comprehensive tests on rising height of capillary water for coarse grained soil

According to the comprehensive tests on the rising height of capillary water for seven kinds of different coarse grained soil by use of the method of standpipe,the relationship between the rising height of capillary water and time was obtained,and the influencing factors and rules were analyzed.The data of the steady rising height of capillary water were obtained,and the regression equation of coarse grained soil on steady height and physical indexes(effective grain d 10 and porosity n) was found.Compared with Hazen’s and other expressions that could estimate the steady height of capillary water of coarse grained soil,the proposed method is satisfactory and the defects of the latter were pointed out.     

敦煌雅丹国家地质公园地质资源调查及地学意义

敦煌雅丹国家地质公园集雅丹和沙漠湖泊地貌类型于一体,是极端干旱区大型地貌景观类地质公园的典型代表。公园内地质遗迹资源典型,保存系统、完整,类型多样,可分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5大类。以雅丹和鸣沙山月牙泉等为代表的地貌景观与享誉国内外的古丝绸之路遗迹、敦煌文化等人文历史资源相结合,是敦煌雅丹国家地质公园的优势。敦煌雅丹与其他区域的雅丹地貌相比,除具有一定的相似性外,还具有类型多、密度大、走向变化明显形态丰富、反映了多个形成演化阶段等独特性。实施地质资源调查对保护地质遗迹、开展地质科学研究和普及地学等科学知识都有重要意义。同时,对提升景区品位,进而带动敦煌旅游业的发展都将起到积极的推动作用。     

Environmental magnetic studies of sediment cores from Gonghai Lake: implications for monsoon evolution in North China during the late glacial and Holocene

Environmental magnetic studies were conducted on a 9.42-m-long sediment core from Gonghai Lake, North China. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the record spans the last 15,000 cal year BP. The principal magnetic mineral in the sediments is pseudo-single domain magnetite of detrital origin with minimal post-depositional alteration. Although the variations in the concentration of detrital magnetic minerals and their grain size throughout the core reflect inputs from both soil erosion and eolian dust, it is shown that their climatic and environmental significance changes with time. In the lowermost part of the core, ~15,000–11,500 cal year BP, the magnetic minerals were supplied mainly by bedrock erosion, soil erosion and dust input when climate ameliorated after the cold and dusty last glacial maximum. The increasing magnetic susceptibility (χ) in this interval may indicate a combination of changes in the lake environment together with catchment-surface stabilization and a decreasing proportion of dust input. In the central part of the core, ~11,500–1,000 cal year BP, the detrital magnetic minerals mainly originated from dust inputs from outside the catchment when the lake catchment was covered by forest, and catchment-derived sediment supply (and thus the lake sediment accumulation rate) were minimal. The generally low concentration of magnetic minerals in this part of the core reflects the highest degree of soil stability and the strongest summer monsoon during the Holocene. In the uppermost part of the core, the last ~1,000 years, detrital magnetic minerals mainly originated from erosion of catchment soils when the vegetation cover was sparse and the sediment accumulation rates were high. Within this part of the core the high magnetic susceptibility reflects strong pedogenesis in the lake catchment, and thus a strong summer monsoon. This scenario is similar to that recorded in loess profiles. Overall, the results document three main stages of summer monsoon history with abrupt shifts from one stage to another: an increasing and variable summer monsoon during the last deglacial, a generally strong summer monsoon in the early and middle Holocene and a weak summer monsoon in the late Holocene. The results also suggest that different interpretational models may need to be applied to lake sediment magnetic mineral assemblages corresponding to different stages of environmental evolution.     

基于层次分析法的隧道综合地质预报优化

隧道综合地质预报是解决隧道施工期地质问题、降低施工风险的一项重要技术手段.鉴于目前综合预报多为简单的数量上的综合,为更加有效地利用综合预报技术,首先归纳地质分析辨识常见不良地质体的方法,通过地质分析法初步判定隧道掌子面前方可能存在的地质异常,并结合层次分析法的基本思路,将影响预报手段的指标量化,即赋予预报方法权重,建立...     

甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带中段理塘地区混杂岩物质组成及其洋盆演化史

理塘混杂岩位于甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带中段新龙县-理塘县一带,其内部保存有完整的混杂岩系,包括蛇绿岩残片、洋岛残块、洋内弧残块、复理石建造、裂谷残片、高压变质岩等,是恢复和反演甘孜-理塘洋盆演化的理想地区。在总结前人研究的基础上,结合笔者近年来的研究成果,详细阐述了理塘混杂岩的物质组成、构造环境及形成时代,进一步约束了甘孜-理塘洋盆的时空、性质以及演化历程。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,甘孜-理塘混杂岩带内蛇绿岩年龄为（346±17）Ma、（286.2±5.1）Ma、（219.5±2.2）Ma、（216.1±2.3）Ma,洋岛年龄为（271±10）Ma、（245.1±1.5）Ma、（211.8±1.8）Ma,在侏罗纪瑞环山组粉砂岩夹层中测得碎屑锆石最新年龄为（196±3）Ma,结合大量的古生物化石鉴定结果,分析认为理塘混杂岩最早的年龄记录可追溯至中泥盆世,最晚可延至早白垩世,是甘孜-理塘洋盆中泥盆世-早白垩世连续演化的记录。综合以上研究成果,笔者还大致建立了甘孜-理塘洋盆晚古生代-中生代的演化过程模式。     

紫色土水分特征曲线室内测定方法的对比

为探寻全吸力范围内土壤水分特征曲线的可靠测定方法,采用沙箱排水法、Hyprop仪蒸发法、压力膜仪排水法和露点水势仪蒸发法分吸力段测定盐亭紫色土耕地表层2~7 cm和亚表层7~12 cm土壤的水分特征曲线,对比测定结果的方法间差异,并分析其原因。结果表明:对于表层和亚表层土壤,低吸力段(h >-100 cm)水分特征曲线的沙箱法和Hyprop仪法的均方根误差E_RMS (θ)均较小,在0.026~0.082 cm3/cm3范围内,确定系数R2均大于0.962,说明这两种方法测定结果之间差异不大。高吸力段(h <-330 cm)的压力膜仪法与露点仪法测定结果之间的差异较大,E_RMS (θ)为0.062~0.097 cm3/cm3,R2较低,为0.775~0.952。因此,全吸力范围内水分特征曲线测定方法的选择与组合应考虑土壤孔径分布特征和研究目的。     

北极巴罗Elson湖过去450年气候与环境变化记录

北极阿拉斯加巴罗地区Ｅｌｓｏｎ湖长６０ｃｍＡＢ—６７钻孔岩芯提供了过去４５０年连续的高分辨环境变化记录。综合分析２１０Ｐｂ测年、沉积物粒度、有机质、化学元素和微体古生物化石等资料，一致反映出巴罗地区过去４５０年的气候、环境变化过程存在如下３个阶段：１）大约１５４０～１７４０年，为低海面寒冷时期；２）１７４０～１８２７年，为气候转暖－海侵过渡时期；３）１８２７年至今，为继续海侵－气候波动变暖时期。其中１８００年前后和１９４０年前后，气温较高。１９２１～１９９３年巴罗的气温记录说明，北极地区气温不仅有明显的１０ａ和６０ａ周期变化，而且年平均温度变幅极大，达４．５℃。显示极地气候变化特别强烈并不反映大幅度升温。近２０年来的变暖趋势是１８２７年以来自然的气候波动变暖的继续。