陆相火山岩区填图方法研究新进展——“火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层”填图方法

近10年来,福建省地质调查研究院对陆相火山岩区填图方法进行了不断的探索与试验,特别是对福安市幅等4幅1∶50000区域地质调查项目进行全面系统的调研与总结,取得了重要进展,将火山岩区"火山地层-岩相(岩性)"双重填图法发展完善成为"火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层"三位一体的填图方法。将该填图方法作一简单的总结,以求共同提高新一轮区调填图的质量。     

吉林省中部农业土壤中PAHs的分布及风险评价

为了探明吉林省中部农业土壤中PAHs的污染现状,系统地测试了该区土壤中PAHs的含量,对土壤中16 种PAHs的分布特征及其生态风险进行了探讨.结果表明:吉林省中部农业土壤中PAHs的质量分数为144.5～2 355.0 μg/kg,且水田土壤中PAHs的含量高于旱田土壤中的含量;土壤PAHs的来源既有燃烧源,又有石油类污染源;目前土壤PAHs以轻微污染水平为主,生态风险评价表明土壤PAHs的生态风险较小.     

转换点位置对转换波速度分析精度的影响

在多波地震勘探中,转换点位置的求取精度直接影响共转换点道集的抽取,进而影响转换波速度分析的精度。利用DSR方程,对比了用不同的转换点计算方法进行转换波速度分析,分析其计算精度。     

利用斯通利波衰减反演渗透率的方法改进

利用严格的Biot介质模型,针对阵列声波测井情况,建立了基于物理统计方法的利用斯通利波幅度衰减反演储层渗透率之线性化最小二乘反演模型。作为对方法可行性的检验,运用该方法对理论合成数据进行了处理,结果表明运用统计方法后反演渗透率的偏差变小,证明了方法的可行性。     

英台断陷深层的气源条件及勘探潜力

为了评价和认识天然气勘探已获重大突破的松辽盆地深层中部断陷带之外断陷的勘探潜力,利用龙深1井风险探井的分析资料,从定性评价和定量计算的结合上,对英台断陷的气源条件和勘探潜力进行了系统研究.结果表明:英台断陷深层营城组、沙河子组不仅暗色泥岩较为发育、残余有机质丰度较高、有机质普遍处于有利于大量成气的高-过成熟阶段,而且有机质类型并不像前人认为的那样以III型有机质为主,而是以绝对成气潜力更高的Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型为主,这进一步提高了深层断陷的成气潜力;恢复之后的有机质原始丰度和原始生烃潜力更高,体现了恢复对客观评价高-过成熟源岩的重要意义;初步的定量评价表明,英台断陷的天然气资源量为(938～3 758)×108 m3,具有形成大中型气田(群)的气源条件.这也可能意味着松辽盆地除了中部的徐家围子和长岭断陷之外,其它断陷也具备值得重视、探索的勘探潜力.     

Roles of adhered Paenibacillus polymyxa in the dissolution and flotation of bauxite: a dialytic investigation

Bio-related techniques have been proved to be efficient and specific in eliminating impure minerals such as goethite, hematite and kaolinite from aluminum hydroxides in bauxite processing. In this study, the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) mediated dissolution and flotation of bauxite were experimentally investigated. To disclose the contribution of adhered bacteria to these two processes, comparative experiments were designed, with one (and the other not) being dialyzed to prevent cells from contacting with bauxite. The results show that all the release rates of Al, Fe and Si are accelerated by the involvement of bacteria during 11 experimental days. More Al, Si and especially Fe are leached out in contact trial than in dialysis trial, and simultaneously, a large amount of Si-enriched flocs are formed. Further analysis indicates that with the adhesion of P. polymyxa and high molecular weight metabolites, Fe minerals are much more dissolvable than kaolinite. However, kaolinite can be floated easily with the mediation of adhered bacteria and metabolites. This study suggests that in bauxite biobeneficiation, sufficient contact between microbes and bauxite can facilitate the elimination of impurities such as iron and silicon.     

Features of ferric sulfate precipitates formed by different cultivations of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This study focused on the ferric sulfate precipitates formed during the culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) in a modified 9K medium by applying a potential control on the electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to characterize and identify the precipitates which were formed, respectively, in the electrochemical cultivation with a fixed cathode potential (bias-experiment) and in the conventional batch cultivation without cathode potential control (no-bias-experiment). The results indicated that K-jarosite presented in both experiments while NH₄-jarosite and schwertmannite were only found in the no-bias-experiment. The formation of different precipitates could be attributed to the different growth statuses and rates of A. ferrooxidans and the different concentrations of Fe³⁺. In the bias-experiment, external electrons reproduced Fe²⁺ and promoted the growth of A. ferrooxidans, thus resulting in the low Fe³⁺ concentration and the rapid depletion of NH₄ ⁺ as the nitrogen source, in which K-jarosite was preferentially formed. In the no-bias-experiment, the lower concentration of A. ferrooxidans was observed, which was due to the continuous consumption of Fe²⁺ by bacteria, thus resulting in the relatively higher Fe³⁺ and the NH₄ ⁺ concentration in culture. The high concentration of Fe³⁺ favored the precipitation of the solid solution of K-NH₄-H₃O jarosite, and led to the formation of schwertmannite after K⁺ and NH₄ ⁺ were depleted.     

相干体技术在煤矿断层及陷落柱精细解释中的应用

根据相干体技术原理和主要参数选取原则,对五阳矿区进行了以断层和陷落柱为主要研究对象的解释工作。应用实例表明：相干体技术可有效解决本区断层断点较多、切割关系复杂、空间展布规律难以把握和常规解释误差较大等问题;同时,对不规则环状相邻陷落柱的边界及直径较小的陷落柱都有十分灵敏的反映,特别是对较大断层附近的微小构造也可作出较为可靠的解释。     

上海地区滩涂土地整治改良方法探讨

介绍了土地整治改良的方法、上海地区滩涂资源的特点和改良思路,认为上海地区滩涂土地的改良除了固化、脱盐外,还应综合多种措施提高土地的品质。     

渤海叶绿素 a 浓度与环境因素的响应关系研究

基于 2003－2018 年的遥感反演和再分析数据, 分别在时域和频域上分析了渤海海表面温度、光合有效辐射、气溶 胶厚度、风速与叶绿素 a 浓度之间的响应关系。通过傅里叶变换在频域上得到各因素之间的相关性系数, 其显著高于直接在 时域上计算得到的相关性系数, 表明由于相位差的影响, 直接在时域进行相关性分析很可能会低估各因素之间的相关性。傅 里叶变换后的频谱图显示, 叶绿素 a 浓度存在一年、半年、4 个月与季节周期; 风速与气溶胶厚度存在明显的一年和半年周 期; 海表面温度和光合有效辐射具有明显的一年周期, 半年周期较其他几个因素不明显。交叉谱分析的结果表明： 叶绿素 a 浓度和所选的环境因子都在一年周期下具有最大的交叉振幅, 表明在此频率下响应最大; 风速、气溶胶厚度、光合有效辐射 分别超前于叶绿素 a 浓度约 5.0 个月、0.2 个月、0.2 个月, 海表面温度则滞后 1.9 个月。各环境因子之间相互关联, 共同影 响叶绿素 a 浓度的时间分布。