柳珊瑚分子系统发育学的研究进展

珊瑚分子系统发育学研究始于90年代初,用于柳珊瑚分子系统学研究的主要分子标记是线粒体DNA和核糖体RNA。本文在重点介绍了柳珊瑚种群遗传多样性和柳珊瑚种上阶元系统发育学两方面的研究进展和所取得研究成果的同时,也讨论了珊瑚虫纲的系统发生关系。最后在简单引述了柳珊瑚分子系统发育学同传统形态分类学方法之间关系的同时,也对柳珊瑚分子系统发育学今后的重点研究方向做了预测。     

东亚大气环流由冬向夏的转变时间及其特征

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集及CMAP降水资料分析了东亚大气环流由冬转夏的可能时间及其特征。结果表明,3月底4月初,东亚与西太平洋对流层纬向热力差异由东暖西冷转为东冷西暖,对流层低层大陆高压东移,使得纬向气压梯度发生逆转。与此同时,对流层低层偏南风建立,经向垂直环流也发生季节逆转。同时,3月底4月初华南已出现持续性降水雨带。所有这些特征都表明东亚大气环流可能在3月底4月初已经由冬季型开始转为夏季型。     

Altitudinal trends in δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C value,stomatal density and nitrogen content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabuliformis</Emphasis> needles on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains,China

In this study, a coniferous tree species (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) was investigated at a moderate-altitude mountainous terrain on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains (QLM) to detect the trends in carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C), leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and stomatal density (SD) with altitude variation in north-subtropical humid mountain climate zone of China. The results showed that LNC and SD both significantly increased linearly along the altitudinal gradient ranging from 1000 to 2200 m, whereas leaf δ¹³C exhibited a significantly negative correlation with the altitude. Such a correlation pattern differs obviously from that obtained in offshore low-altitude humid environment or inland high-altitude semi-arid environment, suggesting that the pattern of increasing δ¹³C with the altitude cannot be generalized. The negative correlation between δ¹³C and altitude might be attributed mainly to the strengthening of carbon isotope fractionation in plants caused by increasing precipitation with altitude. Furthermore, there was a remarkable negative correlation between leaf δ¹³C and LNC. One possible reason was that increasing precipitation that operates to increase isotopic discrimination with altitude overtook the LNC in determining the sign of leaf δ¹³C. The significant negative correlation between leaf δ¹³C and SD over altitudes was also found in the present study, indicating that increases in SD with altitude would reduce, rather than enhance plant δ¹³C values.     

伪随机码调制的CW半导体激光雷达试制报告

本文报告一种用半导体激光器作光源,用子脉冲宽度100ns,长度为511的周期伪随机码对半导体激光器的输出作幅度调制;APD作光电检测器,高速数字信号处理器TMS320C25作信号处理的激光雷达组成方案和试作样机的实验结果。     

新疆于田MS7.3地震同震与震后形变机制研究

利用InSAR技术获取2008-03-21新疆于田MS7.3地震的同震和震后形变场。同震分布式滑动反演结果表明,同震断层最大滑动量达5.4 m,主要分布在南部断层的0~5 km深度附近,地震以正断错动为主,兼有左旋走滑分量。震后形变结果表明,发震断层北段两侧存在差异性运动,最大累积差异形变在震后782 d达15 cm。进一步分析表明,震后断层余滑可能是震后形变的主要机制。余滑反演结果表明,震后2 a断层余滑量相对较小,滑移区范围明显减小且均位于浅部区域,北部断层能量释放较彻底,南部仍存有少量能量,整体能量基本释放完。     

秋季层状云中高值过冷水区的微物理特征

利用１１架次的机载“ＰＭＳ”资料,分析了山东秋季层状云中高值（大于０．１ｇ·ｍ~(－３)）过冷水区的微物理特征：最大过冷水含量为０．３６１ｇ·ｍ~(－３),８４．０％的过冷水含量在０．１～０．２ｇ·ｍ~(－３)间,过冷水连续出现的宽度８６．１％小于３．０ｋｍ。雪晶形状以霰粒和小雪粒为主。２阶(函数可以很好地拟合云滴尺度谱,质量谱适合用对数正态函数拟合。     

复合盐与干湿循环双重因素作用下混凝土耐久性试验

吉林省大安市是松嫩平原土壤盐渍化最严重的地区之一,以苏打盐渍土为主,境内的土壤与地表水中的易溶盐分量相似。为了研究复合盐与干湿交替环境下混凝土的耐久性,根据大安地区盐渍土中主要易溶盐的含量,配制了4种不同质量分数的复合盐侵蚀溶液,再以水溶液用于试验对比,共制备了5种配合比的混凝土,进行盐浸-热烘试验。结果表明：在干湿循环条件下,复合盐对混凝土材料有较强的腐蚀性,而且盐溶液的质量分数越大,混凝土破坏越严重;干湿循环作用后,混凝土的质量变化规律为先增加后减少,而动弹性模量先呈小幅增长,达到一定干湿循环次数后,呈下降趋势;引气剂与粉煤灰均能够提高混凝土抗盐蚀-干湿循环的破坏能力,但引气混凝土提高效果更显著。     

浙江杭州地区中下奥陶统岩石地层研究

笔者以城市基岩地质填图和剖面研究资料为基础,选择临安市板桥乡南山上中下奥陶统剖面为候选层型,根据剖面的地层层序、岩性组合、分界标志,结合区域变质的总体特征,重新厘定、划分了4个组级岩石地层单位,并依据荆山岭与板桥剖面的地层、生物化石对比,确定其地层时代为早中奥陶世。这对重建杭州地区层型剖面与地质遗迹保护、岩石地层填图、奥陶纪石灰岩矿产资源的开发利用都具有重要意义。     

Video cathodoluminescence microscopy of diagenetic cements and its applications

Diagenetic studies of sedimentary rocks using cold cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy have been severely limited because of the very low intensity of visible luminescent emissions, which required long photographic exposure times, and because of the difficulty in obtaining quantitative data from CL observations. The solution to this problem is to fit the microscope with a high-sensitivity digital colour video camera linked to a computer with image enhancement and image analysis software. The new technique described in this paper:

• produces digital CL images of consistent high quality, both quickly and cheaply;

• controls the capture and editing of CL images, to reveal detailed textural information even from minerals exhibiting low level luminescence such as quartz;

• acquires quantitative information on pore systems and the abundance of cement zones from CL images.

Examples are presented to demonstrate the high quality of images produced in this way and the range of uses to which the new technique can be applied. The ability to image exactly the same field of view in both plane polarised light and CL is a particular advantage. Image analysis techniques have been developed to give a statistical characterisation of both pore systems and cement phases that infill them. The abundance of contrasting cement zones seen in CL can be measured and the abundance of cement phases can be mapped across a reservoir. The history of porosity occlusion can be reconstructed quantitatively and integrated with burial history and hydrocarbon migration. Porosity can be measured accurately and, since the technique obtains data on pore geometry as well as abundance, the pore system can be characterised by pore size distributions and pseudo-capillary pressure curves. This also opens the possibility of estimating permeability from thin sections.     

新地震区划图地震构造区划分的原则和方法——以中国东部中强地震活动区为例

在新编全国地震区划图潜在震源区划分工作中,采用了三级划分的技术思路,即在地震统计区内先划分出地震构造区,以控制地震统计区内地震构造和地震活动的差异性,然后,在地震构造区内再进行潜在震源区划分。地震构造区划分是新编全国地震区划图潜在震源区划分工作中的一个关键环节。本文论述了地震构造区的定义、作用、划分原则和依据等。介绍了中国东部地区地震构造区划分方案,并以东北地震区和华南沿海地震带为例,对地震构造区划分方案进行了详细论述。