Parallelization of a coupled wave-circulation model and its application

Using the technique of Message Passing Interface, a parallelized version of a coupled wave-circulation model was set up. The tested model is a regional one for simulating the seas off China, which is comprised of 450,625 elements and 30 vertical sigma layers. The implementation efficiency was evaluated on two kinds of computers, the HP Integrity Superdome and SGI Altix 4700 multiprocessor. The numerical results show that the low-communication high-extra-computation scheme (LCHC) produces higher efficiency than the high-communication no-extra-computation scheme (HCNC) while the number of processors exceeds 24 for HP Integrity Superdome and eight for SGI Altix 4700, respectively. The experiments with both LCHC and HCNC scheme show super-linear speed-up when the number of processors is small. The model with the LCHC scheme is preferred as it achieves parallel efficiency in excess of 90% on the HP machines for all experiments with the number of processors no more than 100, while the efficiency decreases rapidly with the HCNC scheme after the number of processors increases to more than 24. Numerical results suggest that the parallelization of this coupled wave-circulation model is efficient and portable to a variety of parallel architectures.     

Remote sensing application system for water environments developed for Environment Satellite 1

Remote sensing data collected by the Environment Satellite I are characterized by high temporal resolution, high spectral resolution and mid-high spatial resolution. We designed the Remote Sensing Application System for Water Environments (RSASWE) to create an integrated platform for remote sensing data processing, parameter information extraction and thematic mapping using both remote sensing and GIS technologies. This system provides support for regional water environmental monitoring, and prediction and warning of water pollution. Developed to process and apply data collected by Environment Satellite I, this system has automated procedures including clipping, observation geometry computation, radiometric calibration, 6S atmospheric correction and water quality parameter inversion. RSASWE consists of six subsystems: remote sensing image processing, basic parameter inversion, water environment remote sensing thematic outputs, application outputs, automated water environment outputs and a non-point source pollution monitoring subsystem. At present RSASWE plays an important role in operations at the Satellite Environment Center.     

库姆塔格沙漠地表物质组成、来源和风化过程

通过对库姆塔格沙漠地表沉积物样品进行重矿物和主量元素分析,获得了其矿物和元素组成特征:矿物种类多,绿帘石和角闪石含量为主;化学组成上以Si、Al为主,和上陆壳平均化学组成相比,除Si、Ca外都有一定的亏损,Fe、Mg、Ca、P、Ti、Mn等元素的变异系数较高。库姆塔格沙漠地表沙物质组成特征与阿尔金山北麓出露的岩石和冲、洪积扇物质组成基本一致,与塔克拉玛干沙漠也有很大的共性,反映了库姆塔格沙漠地表沙物质主要来源于阿尔金山。沙漠北区强烈的东北风将阿奇克谷地和疏勒河下游的河湖相沉积物搬运至沙漠腹地,构成另一个重要的沙物质来源。A-CN-K图解揭示了库姆塔格沙漠地表物质化学风化程度很低,处于较弱的去Na、Ca阶段,其他元素未发生明显的化学风化或迁移;A-CNK-FM图解表明,库姆塔格沙漠地表物质在搬运、沉积过程中Fe、Mg等元素发生显著分异,其原因主要是铁镁质矿物由于磨损、分选作用遭破碎和风化,使粒度较粗的沙漠沙Fe、Mg等元素相对亏损。     

基于遥感的无锡市土地利用与过境水质响应关系的研究

以京杭大运河无锡段水质监测数据和2003年7月SPOT-5正射影像为数据源,分析土地利用面积比例与过境水质之间的响应关系。结果表明:以监测断面为中心缓冲区距离的空间变化与水质监测指标之间有明显的响应关系。运河水质污染主要受离河岸较近的土地利用结构的影响。耕地上产生的农业污水,商业和工业中的废水以及大面积裸地上居民生活垃圾和建筑垃圾产生的污水是导致京杭大运河无锡段水质恶化的重要原因。     

地震应急专题制图规则及其领域本体模型研究

本文从地震应急专题图快速产出需求出发,结合应急专题图的区域差异性、阶段性和实时性等特点,按照专题图的制作流程对制图规则进行分类,归纳总结了最小比例尺、符号、标注和冲突处理四类制图规则,并构建了基于领域本体和XML的应急专题制图规则表达模型,实现了规则数据的图形化管理,为基于规则库的地震应急专题图快速制图系统的设计和研发提供理论基础和技术支持。     

基于震源机制解的分区地震烈度衰减关系研究

根据中国大陆构造应力场分区,本文拟合不同震源机制解的烈度衰减关系,收集了我国西部198次5.0级以上震例,共419条的等震线记录;东部47次5.0级以上震例,共84条等震线记录,采用椭圆模型进行衰减关系拟合,得到了地震烈度随震级和长短轴长度的衰减关系。文章初步分析了几种震源机制地震烈度衰减规律的差异,以西部地区为例,对比了西部走滑型、逆断型烈度衰减关系和汪素云西部衰减关系与实际值之间的差距。本文研究结果表明,区分发震方式的烈度衰减关系长短轴可以作为应急地震影响场的修正因子,在震后几小时得到震源机制解时,对烈度圈长短轴进行初步修正。     

冰川表面水文过程研究进展

冰面水文过程是冰川径流过程的重要组成部分,对于冰川运动与物质平衡具有重要影响。冰川表面在太阳辐射、冰川物理性质、冰面地形和成冰带空间分布等多种因素影响下消融,形成以冰面水系为主线,锅穴、冰裂隙、冰面湖等为端点的冰面融水输送与分配体系。深入理解冰面水文过程,掌握冰川表面融水的输送、存储与释放,对于研究短时间尺度的冰川融水径流过程、探索冰川动态响应机理具有重要意义。总结回顾了目前国内外冰面水文过程的研究现状,提出了该领域有待解决的主要科学问题。