莒南县路网中心性对建设用地时空格局的影响

针对道路网络复杂性如何影响城市建设用地时空演变这一问题,该文以莒南县为例,计算道路网络中心性指标,并应用地理探测器定量分析其对建设用地时空格局的影响.结果表明:①莒南县道路网络中,全局临近中心性单中心特征强烈,全局介数中心性、直达中心性则表现出多中心的空间态势.②道路网络中心性特征与建设用地空间分布显著相关,全局路网通达效率、通达度对建设用地空间布局影响强烈.③道路网络中心性指标对建设用地扩张均有显著影响,其中又以全局直达中心性对建设用地扩张的影响力最强.     

海洋三维遥感与海洋剖面激光雷达

本文从海洋与气候变化等重大前沿科学与应用对空间海洋观测系统的需求出发,基于当前国内外空间激光技术水平与前期海洋激光遥感的探索,提出了海洋遥感从二维向三维发展的紧迫性,并将海洋剖面探测激光雷达作为未来“海洋三维遥感”的主要技术手段。本文对近50年国内外激光海洋剖面探测技术的理论与应用、基础性关键探测机理问题,尤其是近10年来的试验性探索及其在多个海洋科学问题中的应用进行了综述。结合中国自主“观澜号”海洋科学卫星计划中海洋剖面探测激光雷达的系统论证与指标要求,提出了未来海洋剖面探测激光雷达发展路线图建议以及中国有望率先在空间海洋剖面激光探测领域取得突破的设想。     

Characteristics of deuterium excess parameters for geothermal water in Beijing

This study investigates the characteristics of geothermal water in 10 geothermal fields in Beijing. The relationships between the deuterium excess parameter (d) and temperature, depth, age of geothermal groundwater, groundwater flow field, and Eh were investigated using geothermal groundwater samples. Results showed that (1) the average d value of geothermal water is 5.4, whereas that of the groundwater in normal temperature is 6.04. The differences are induced by the oxygen isotope exchange during the water–rock interaction, which may be more easily completed in geothermal water than in cold groundwater. (2) The d value increases remarkably with the age of the geothermal groundwater. The d value increases from 11.2 to 14.6 when the age of the geothermal water is 12,760 ± 130 a and 38,960 ± 630 a, respectively. Moreover, the isotope heat exchange for composition of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the geothermal groundwater proceeds sufficiently with time. (3) The d value decreases from 5.72 to 3.03 when the depth increases from 125.13 to 3221 m. Generally, in the same area, the d value decreases with depth because the temperature is increasing. (4) The d value of the groundwater gradually reduces from the northern recharge area to the southern discharge area. The average d value is 7.31 in the northern recharge area and 5.68 in the middle Beijing Depression, whereas the d value in the southern area of Fengheying is ?9.20. The larger difference in d values between the recharge and discharge areas is due to the slower velocity of underwater flow, which induces longer time for oxygen exchange. (5) The relationship between the d and Eh is complex. When Eh is <200 mV, the d value of the geothermal water decreases with the decrease in Eh. When Eh is higher than 200 mV, the d value increases slightly with the decrease in Eh. The study of the characteristics of deuterium excess parameters for geothermal water could provide a scientific isotopic evidence for assessment and exploitation measures in geothermal groundwater systems.     

Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.     

陕西省洛南地区二叠系石盒子组砂岩特征及物源区探讨

为了认识陕西省洛南地区二叠系石盒子组砂岩特征及其物源,给探索渭河盆地前新生代基底组成提供依据,本文综合分析了洛南二叠系石盒子组砂岩组分和重矿物特征。结果表明,砂岩物源区主要为再旋回造山带和克拉通地块,物源区与北秦岭造山带的演化关系密切,南秦岭构造带北部下古生界也为石盒子组提供部分物源,中二叠世晚期华北、秦岭板块面接触碰撞,北秦岭构造带快速隆升,南秦岭物源区提供物源减少,砂岩物源主要为中酸性岩浆岩+低级变质岩+沉积岩。二叠纪鄂尔多斯盆地南缘向南延至洛南—栾川断裂附近,洛南地区二叠系石盒子组河流沼泽相含煤岩系沉积应该属于鄂尔多斯盆地南缘沉积,结合渭北—渭河—洛南地区晚古生代地层对比成果,认为渭河地区二叠纪至少曾沉积过二叠系石盒子组地层,渭河新生代盆地基底具有残存二叠系的可能。     

轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶微地貌特征及刻画

应用印模法,以石炭系区域标志层双峰灰岩底至奥陶系潜山面填平补齐的沉积厚度为标识,恢复了轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌。自东向西划分了岩溶台地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地3类二级地貌单元。应用现代岩溶分类方法,根据微地貌组合形态,对二级地貌作精细刻画,划分了9种三级地貌单元。认为不同的地貌位置,其水动力条件不同,不同类型岩溶地貌的发育特征、古水系排泄和储层充填特征存在着差异性。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central–Eastern Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range

The southern Great Xing’an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China. However, the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic ”flare-up“ event remains uncertain. This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence, petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner, central-eastern Inner Mongolia. These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(wi...     

ICP-AES法测定金属硅中硼磷铝锰钙镁铁等28种微量和痕量元素

采用ICP-AES法对金属硅中的B、P、Al、Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe等28种微量和痕量元素进行分析。根据元素的化学性质制定预处理方法,优化ICP-AES光谱仪测试样品的最佳工作条件。在缺少金属硅标准物质的情况下,选择硅含量较高的国家一级岩石标准物质（GBW07106）进行试验,该标准物质的回收率在95.0%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在0.21%～4.01%之间。实际分析工作表明,该方法准确、快速,符合DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的古地理意义

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期经历了一次完整的海水进退旋回。此期该区腕足动物的演化明显受控于相对海平面变化。生存环境的稳定性似乎是群落演替过程能否持久进行的基础。在影响生物群落演替的诸多因素中,底质性质及其稳定性最为重要,其次是食物供应、海水盐度和水动力强度等。各群落在时间上相互取代的主要控制因素是海水深度,与海平面的变化直接相关。而造成这一时期腕足动物群落横向变化的主要因素除了海水深度外,陆源碎屑供应量、海水循环性以及含盐度都具有十分重要的影响。本区早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的生态位介于BA1和BA2之间,缺乏BA3－BA5较深水群落（BA－Benthic Assemblage,底栖组合）,说明此期该区早石炭世早期海水深度一般不超过10米。受沉积古地理环境的制约,本区早石炭世早期BA2生态域的主要分布范围局限于东部的景泰一带,向西水体明显变浅。