Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusionswith Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern China

There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small uitramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-PI-OI-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and iow-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limabe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basaits. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts.     

Automatic Sounding Generalization in Nautical Chart Considering Bathymetry Complexity Variations

Sounding acts as the main feature in a digital nautical chart as it describes the concerned marine topography for the safety of navigation. Unlike the geometry-oriented selection of point feature, the generalization of soundings for chart compiling is expected to be context-oriented, which means bathymetry complexity variations across the study region should be preserved in the sounding selection process. However, such variations are not explicitly accessible to automated systems. This paper proposes an approach that effectively analyzes and measures bathymetry complexity from sounding data, with a focus on topography variations among different regions. The presented approach first divides the exploring region into several subregions, by adopting techniques of computational geometry and graph theory. Then, the approach quantitatively measures the bathymetry complexity of the subregions from grid-based digital terrain model. Finally, a composite bathymetry complexity index integrating aspects of steepness and depth variation is developed to guide the operation of sounding selection in different subregions. Generally, when seafloor is rugged with steep slopes, the number of soundings is high. While in flatter areas, a smaller amount of soundings is retained. The potential of our approach is demonstrated by an application to a real data set.     

快速射电暴的数据统计

快速射电暴于2007年首次在脉冲星巡天的历史数据中被发现,是一种在射电波段观测到的具有色散量的单个强脉冲,其特征为持续时间仅为若干毫秒,峰值流量密度可达到央斯基量级。类似于射电脉冲星的单个脉冲,但其色散显著超过同一视线方向上银河系内星际介质的预期最大值。对截止2018年6月帕克斯望远镜、绿岸望远镜、阿雷西博射电望远镜、UTMOST望远镜和ASKAP望远镜已探测到的52例快速射电暴进行了观测量统计分析,根据模型扣除银河系星际介质导致的色散量后,快速射电暴平均色散量为584.5 pc·cm^-3,暗示着快速射电暴来自河外。通过最佳拟合估算红移幂律分布谱dN/dF_obs=4.14±1.30×F■sky^-1·day^-1。根据分析结果预计,FAST望远镜使用19波束接收机后,其多科学目标同时巡天在经过一年时间内能发现大约10个快速射电暴,将有效地扩大样本数量,为快速射电暴研究提供重要信息。     

Modeling of deep-seated high-alumina parageneses on the basis of the stability fields of corundum- and spinel-normative assemblages of the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2

To elaborate physicochemical models for the origin of crystalline rocks, experimental studies of the field of high-alumina assemblages of the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ were carried out at 10–30 kbar and 1250–1535 °C. We have determined the phase relations between the melt (L) and An, Sp, Cpx, Cor, and Ga, the slope of the rays of the monovariant reactions An + Sp = Cpx + Cor + (Ga) and L = Cpx +Ga + Cor + Sp, the position of the nonvariant point (An, Sp, Cpx, Cor, Ga, L), and the compositions of phases participating in these reactions. Based on a topological analysis of the studied segment of the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂, we have substantiated that “eclogitization” must follow the reaction Opx + An + Sp = Cpx + Ga. A fundamental continuous series of eutectic monovariant equilibria was observed: L = Cpx + Opx + Fo + An, L = Cpx + Opx + An + Sp, L = Cpx (+ Ga) + An + Sp, and L = Cpx + Cor (+ Ga) + An. A change in the melt composition in this series of eutectic reactions depending on pressure must reflect the most likely magma genesis trend in nature. Comparision of the composition fields in which the above series of reactions is observed with the composition fields of the rocks of magmatic formations showed that this series is most similar to the alkali-earth series of rocks. The mineralogical compositions of cumulates and phenocrysts found in the effusive and dike varieties of these rocks correspond to unique sets of subsolidus phase associations and individual subsolidus phases crystallizing in this fundamental eutectic series.     

宁洱6.4级地震灾情信息特征分析

选取2007年宁洱6.4级地震发生后一周内政府收集和上报的灾情档案资料中的人员伤亡和财产损失两类主要信息为基础资料,对该次地震的灾情信息特征进行初步分析.结果表明:灾情信息来源的主体为县级政府部门,描述方式以定量为主.在地震发生后4h内以定性描述为主,4～12h期间定性描述与定量描述都有,12 h后以定量描述为主;单位时间内灾情信息获知和上报的数量随时间的推移先逐渐增加,到达峰值后逐渐减少,最后趋于平稳;从信息随时间变化情况来看,最先掌握死亡人员数量,接着是重伤人员数量,最后是受伤人员数量;与地震灾害直接经济损失评估结果比较,房屋损失信息更直接地反应本次地震损失.     

Hydration effects on crystal structures and equations of state for silicate minerals in the subducting slabs and mantle transition zone

There are potentially huge amounts of water stored in Earth’s mantle, and the water solubilities in the silicate minerals range from tens to thousands of part per minion (ppm, part per million). Exploring water in the mantle has attracted much attention from the societies of mineralogy and geophysics in recent years. In the subducting slab, serpentine breaks down at high temperature, generating a series of dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phases, such as phase A, chondrodite, clinohumite, etc. These phases may serve as carriers of water as hydroxyl into the upper mantle and the mantle transition zone (MTZ). On the other hand, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, polymorphs of olivine, are most the abundant minerals in the MTZ, and able to absorb significant amount of water (up to about 3 wt.% H₂O). Hence, the MTZ becomes a very important layer for water storage in the mantle, and hydration plays important roles in physics and chemistry of the MTZ. In this paper, we will discuss two aspects of hydrous silicate minerals: (1) crystal structures and (2) equations of state (EoSs).     

MSCT评价小肠粪便征在小肠梗阻中出现的意义

目的:探讨小肠粪便征(SBFS)在小肠梗阻患者CT检查中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年2月至2019年2月期间76例小肠梗阻患者的影像学资料。所有患者均行256层CT增强检查,应用多种后处理成像方式分析获得病例的影像学资料。根据梗阻程度将病例分为轻度组、中度组及重度组。按梗阻的病因类型,分为粘连组、炎症组、肿瘤组、克罗恩病及疝气组。将每组中出现SBFS的病例归入其所在组阳性病例中,未出现SBFS的病例归入其所在组阴性病例中。详细记录每组阳性病例中SBFS的长径范围及其与梗阻移行带的关系。通过统计学分析,评估SBFS在不同分组中的差异。结果:选取的76例小肠梗阻患者中42例出现了SBFS,其中轻度组13例(17.1%)中出现SBFS 2例(15.4%);中度组25例(32.9%)中出现SBFS 16例(64.0%);重度组38例(50.0%)中出现SBFS 24例(63.2%)。选取的76例小肠梗阻患者中粘连组45例(59.2%)中出现SBFS 22例(48.9%);炎症组10例(13.2%)中出现SBFS6例(60.0%);肿瘤组8例(10.5%)中出现SBFS 5例(62.5%);克罗恩病组7例(9.2%)中出现SBFS 5例(71.4%);疝气组6例(7.9%)出现SBFS 4例(66.7%)。在各组阳性病例中,35例(83.3%)患者的SBFS能明确定位到梗阻移行带,其长轴范围约为4.5~22.1 cm,CT值范围约-215~9 HU。SBFS在中度组及重度组患者中出现率明显高于轻度组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SBFS在粘连组、炎症组、肿瘤组、克罗恩病组及疝气组出现的概率无明显差异,其差异不具备统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SBFS能快速准确定位小肠梗阻患者的梗阻部位,节约诊断时间,为临床进一步诊疗提供帮助。     

末次冰消期晚期青藏高原东北部气候变化

我国最大的内陆封闭湖泊青海湖的沉积岩芯为研究末次冰期/全新世过渡期间青藏高原东北部的环境变化和季风降水演变提供了连续高分辨率环境档案。对两孔岩芯的多学科研究结果表明:大约14000～11600aB.P.期间气候干冷,湖泊的自生碳酸盐和有机质生产率远低于全新世;季节性入湖径流量在11600aB.P.突然增大;从10700aB.P.起,夏季蒸发量突然增大,干旱化作用导致碳酸盐滩湖环境;区域降水量在10000aB.P.的增大结束了滩湖环境,标志了早全新世温暖较湿气候的开始。全新世早期的青海湖水深比现在要浅20m左右,表明那时的有效湿度显然比现在要低很多。14000～10000aB.P.期间青海湖水深不超过6m,说明在末次冰消期的这一时段中,青藏高原东北部没有形成大规模冰融水。在10700～10000aB.P.期间突发的干旱事件与西欧的新仙女木事件(YoungerDryas)年代相当,但没有气候变冷的证据。青藏高原东北部末次冰消期的气候变化表现了明显的阶段性特征和有效湿度的突然改变。区域季风降水量和夏季温度的变化决定了该过渡期的这种变化格局。     

Stacking of records of nuclear explosions registered by the world network of seismic stations

The methods and results of stacking of seismograms of nuclear explosions registered by the world network of seismic stations from 1980 until 1988 are presented. Stacking of seismograms obtained at one seismic station from the sources located in the same place allows us substantially to increase the useful signal/noise ratio. This, in turn, allows more confident correlation of various seismic waves coming to the seismic stations after the first arrivals, particularly, converted and reflected waves from different boundaries inside the Earth.