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61.
土壤干湿交替促进硒酸盐的还原作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采集不同类型的新鲜土壤,经处理获得其风干、烘干的样品,重新潮湿后,加入一定量的Na2SeO4溶液,进行了培育实验(incubationexperiments)。实验结果表明,随着土壤干燥程度的增加,硒酸盐还原作用的速度也随之加快。这进一步证实,作为一种地球化学营力的土壤干湿交替,通过对土壤水势(soilwaterpotential)、微生物群落等的影响,间接地促进了硒酸盐还原作用,因而成为硒生物地球化学循环的驱动力之一。 相似文献
62.
A quick analytical method is presented for calculating comet cloud formation efficiency in the case of a single planet or
multiple-planet system for planets that are not too eccentric (e
p
≲ 0.3). A method to calculate the fraction of comets that stay under the control of each planet is also presented, as well
as a way to determine the efficiency in different star cluster environments. The location of the planet(s) in mass-semi-major
axis space to form a comet cloud is constrained based on the conditions developed by Tremaine (1993) together with estimates
of the likelyhood of passing comets between planets; and, in the case of a single, eccentric planet, the additional constraint
that it is, by itself, able to accelerate material to relative encounter velocity U ~ 0.4 within the age of the stellar system without sweeping up the majority of the material beforehand. For a single planet,
it turns out the efficiency is mainly a function of planetary mass and semi-major axis of the planet and density of the stellar
environment. The theory has been applied to some extrasolar systems and compared to numerical simulations for both these systems
and the Solar System, as well as a diffusion scheme based on the energy kick distribution of Everhart (Astron J 73:1039–1052,
1968). The analytic results are in good agreement with the simulations. 相似文献
63.
本文应用向量随机过程分解模型对旋转谱作出物理解释;此外,还修改了线性振荡度的定义,导出了极化度、线性振荡度和旋转系数之间的关系式,并讨论了它们与总相干、同相相干、异相相干之间的关系。 相似文献
64.
Xiaoying Yang Qun Liu Yi He Xingzhang Luo Xiaoxiang Zhang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(3):959-972
Despite the significant role of precipitation in the hydrological cycle, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impacts of the temporal resolution of rainfall inputs on the performance of SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) models in large-sized river basins. In this study, both daily and hourly rainfall observations at 28 rainfall stations were used as inputs to SWAT for daily streamflow simulation in the Upper Huai River Basin. Study results have demonstrated that the SWAT model with hourly rainfall inputs performed better than the model with daily rainfall inputs in daily streamflow simulation, primarily due to its better capability of simulating peak flows during the flood season. The sub-daily SWAT model estimated that 58 % of streamflow was contributed by baseflow compared to 34 % estimated by the daily model. Using the future daily and 3-h precipitation projections under the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 scenario as inputs, the sub-daily SWAT model predicted a larger amount of monthly maximum daily flow during the wet years than the daily model. The differences between the daily and sub-daily SWAT model simulation results indicated that temporal rainfall resolution could have much impact on the simulation of hydrological process, streamflow, and consequently pollutant transport by SWAT models. There is an imperative need for more studies to examine the effects of temporal rainfall resolution on the simulation of hydrological and water pollutant transport processes by SWAT in river basins of different environmental conditions. 相似文献
65.
Simplified formulae for designing coastal forest against tsunami run-up: one-dimensional approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the present study, laboratory experiments were conducted to validate the applicability of a numerical model based on one-dimensional nonlinear long-wave equations. The model includes drag and inertia resistance of trees to tsunami flow and porosity between trees and a simplified forest in a wave channel. It was confirmed that the water surface elevation and flow velocity by the numerical simulations agree well with the experimental results for various forest conditions of width and tree density. Further, the numerical model was applied to prototype conditions of a coastal forest of Pandanus odoratissimus to investigate the effects of forest conditions (width and tree density) and incident tsunami conditions (period and height) on run-up height and potential tsunami force. The modeling results were represented in curve-fit equations with the aim of providing simplified formulae for designing coastal forest against tsunamis. The run-up height and potential tsunami forces calculated by the curve-fit formulae and the numerical model agreed within ± 10% error. 相似文献
66.
Pablo Fernández José Pablo Suárez Agustín Trujillo Conrado Domínguez José Miguel Santana 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2018,20(2):139-157
Many organizations of all kinds are using new technologies to assist the acquisition and analysis of data. Seaports are a good example of this trend. Seaports generate data regarding the management of marine traffic and other elements, as well as environmental conditions given by meteorological sensors and buoys. However, this enormous amount of data, also known as Big Data, is useless without a proper system to organize, analyze and visualize it. SmartPort is an online platform for the visualization and management of a seaport data that has been built as a GIS application. This work offers a Rich Internet Application that allows the user to visualize and manage the different sources of information produced in a port environment. The Big Data management is based on the FIWARE platform, as well as “The Internet of Things” solutions for the data acquisition. At the same time, Glob3 Mobile (G3M) framework has been used for the development of map requirements. In this way, SmartPort supports 3D visualization of the ports scenery and its data sources. 相似文献
67.
Cengiz Kuzu 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1075-1080
Ground vibrations generated by commercial explosives in tunnel construction may cause structural damage in urban areas. Therefore,
suppressing the vibration effects and mitigating the possible hazard after blasting is important. We present a new method
of controlled blasting that is environmentally friendly, and easy to utilize for tunnel construction. Small charges in this
method are detonated sequentially to produce minimum side effects. The efficiency of the charges may be increased based on
the previously monitored shots. This method is utilized in a tunnel construction in Istanbul with five experimental shots.
In these experiments, the duration and also the quantity of explosives were carefully controlled. We were able to obtain better
results with short durations (480 ms) instead of long durations (9,000 ms) although the vibration levels defined as peak particle
velocity (PPV) became bigger while the quantity of the explosive charge increased from 3.088 to 9.264 kg. 相似文献
68.
Xi-Wei Liu Xiang-Dong Li 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(3):389-396
Assuming a naive star formation history, we construct synthetic X-ray source pop- ulations, using a population synthesis code, for comparison with the observed X-ray lumi- nosity function (XLF) of the interacting galaxies NGC 4038/4039. We have included high- and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries, young rotation-powered pulsars and fallback disk-fed black holes in modeling the bright X-ray sources detected. We find that the majority of the X-ray sources are likely to be intermediate-mass X-ray binaries, but for typical binary evolu- tion parameters, the predicted XLF seems to be steeper than observed. We note that the shape of the XLFs depends critically on the existence of XLF break for young populations, and suggest super-Eddington accretion luminosities or the existence of intermediate-mass black holes to account for the high luminosity end and the slope of the XLF in NGC 4038/4039. 相似文献
69.
Arthur Wichmann’s “Earthquakes of the Indian Archipelago” documents several large earthquakes and tsunami throughout the Banda Arc region that can be interpreted as mega-thrust events. However, the source regions of these events are not known. One of the largest and well-documented events in the catalog is the great earthquake and tsunami affecting the Banda Islands on August 1, 1629. It caused severe damage from a 15-m tsunami that arrived at the Banda Islands about a half hour after violent shaking stopped. The earthquake was also recorded 230 km away in Ambon, but no tsunami is mentioned. This event was followed by at least 9 years of uncommonly frequent seismic activity in the region that tapered off with time, which can be interpreted as aftershocks. The combination of these observations indicates that the earthquake was most likely a mega-thrust event. We use an inverse modeling approach to numerically reconstruct the tsunami, which constrains the likely location and magnitude of the 1629 earthquake. Only, linear numerical models are applied due to the low resolution of bathymetry in the Banda Islands and Ambon. Therefore, we apply various wave amplification factors (1.5–4) derived from simulations of recent, well-constrained tsunami to bracket the upper and lower limits of earthquake moment magnitudes for the event. The closest major earthquake sources to the Banda Islands are the Tanimbar and Seram Troughs of the Banda subduction/collision zone. Other source regions are too far away for such a short arrival time of the tsunami after shaking. Moment magnitudes predicted by the models in order to produce a 15-m tsunami are Mw of 9.8–9.2 on the Tanimbar Trough and Mw 8.8–8.2 on the Seram Trough. The arrival times of these waves are 58 min for Tanimbar Trough and 30 min for Seram Trough. The model also predicts 5-m run-up for Ambon from a Tanimbar Trough source, which is inconsistent with the historical records. Ambon is mostly shielded from a wave generated by a Seram Trough source. We conclude that the most likely source of the 1629 mega-thrust earthquake is the Seram Trough. Only one earthquake >Mw 8.0 is recorded instrumentally from the eastern Indonesia region although high rates of strain (50–80 mm/a) are measured across the Seram section of the Banda subduction zone. Enough strain has already accumulated since the last major historical event to produce an earthquake of similar size to the 1629 event. Due to the rapid population growth in coastal areas in this region, it is imperative that the most vulnerable coastal areas prepare accordingly. 相似文献
70.