江苏小庙洪牡蛎礁大型底栖动物多样性及群落结构

基于2011年春季的生态调查资料,报道了江苏小庙洪自然潮间带牡蛎礁大型底栖动物的多样性及其群落结构。通过16SrDNA基因序列分析发现,在小庙洪牡蛎礁内分布有3种牡蛎(熊本牡蛎Crassostrea sikamea、近江牡蛎C.ariakensis和密鳞牡蛎Ostrea denselamellosa),其中分布于潮间带区的造礁活体牡蛎为熊本牡蛎,其平均密度和生物量分别为(2199±363)ind/m2和(12361±1645)g/m2。在该牡蛎礁内记录到定居性大型底栖动物(不包括3种牡蛎)共计43科66种,礁体大型底栖动物的总栖息密度和生物量分别达到(2830±182)ind/m2和(499.59±35.41)g/m2,显著高于邻近的软相潮间带泥(沙)质滩涂[密度(102±29)ind/m2;生物量(53.10±22.80)g/m2]和潮下带泥滩[密度(140±60)ind/m2;生物量(43.23±22.37)g/m2](P<0.001)。     

冻融条件下模型桩基水平动力试验研究

基于自制的冻土-桩动力相互作用模型试验系统,对-5℃、-3℃及上层融化多年冻土中模型桩基进行了水平向动力试验,主要研究了冻结及上层融化冻土中模型桩基的桩头位移-荷载关系、桩基水平动刚度变化及桩身弯矩分布情况。结果表明：冻土中桩基动力响应特性与土体温度密切相关;正冻土中桩基有较大的侧向刚度,当冻土与桩接触面出现较大间隙时,桩头位移-荷载曲线呈反S形;桩基动力性能随多年冻土温度降低将有所改善;当冻土上部出现融化层时,桩基动响应变化显著,桩头动刚度明显减小,桩基在较小动载下可发生较大侧向位移,同时桩身最大弯矩值较正冻土中偏大,且此弯矩点埋深较大。对于多年冻土区桩基工程,应特别重视夏季上层冻土融化时可能出现的震害。     

我国温带荒漠生物土壤结皮孔隙结构分布特征

对原状生物土壤结皮孔隙结构、孔隙率及其垂直连通性进行室内微观扫描与计算机断层摄影成像分析。结果表明,生物土壤结皮团聚体特征明显,其孔隙率的增大主要是由大孔隙数量的增加而形成,同时,土壤孔隙连通性也随大孔隙数量的增加而增大,生物土壤结皮的发育导致表层土壤具有明显的极其复杂的土壤结构演化特征。     

Jurassic Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in NE China: Zircon U–Pb and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic Evidence from the Huashan and Taili Monzogranites

The Qilian orogen along the NE edge of the Tibet‐Qinghai Plateau records the evolution of Proto‐Tethyan Ocean that closed through subduction along the southern margin of the North China block during the Early Paleozoic. The South Qilian belt is the southern unit of this orogen and dominated by Cambrian‐Ordovician volcano‐sedimentary rocks and Neoproteozoic Hualong complex that contains similar rock assemblages of the Central Qilian block. Our recent geological mapping and petrologic results demonstrate that volcano‐sedimentary rocks show typical rock assembles of a Cambrian‐early Ordovician arc‐trench system in Lajishan Mts. along the northern margin of the Hualong Complex. Island arc rocks including basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite, and breccia is in fault contact with ophiolite complex consisting of mantle peridotite, serpentinite, gabbro, dolerite, plagiogranite, and basalt. Accretionary complexes are tectonically separated from the ophiolite‐arc rocks, with various rock assemblages spatially. They consist of pillow basalt, basalt breccia, tuff, chert, and limestone blocks with a seamount origin within the scaly shale in Dingmaoshan and Donggoumeikuang areas, and basalt, chert, and sandstone blocks within muddy shale matrix and mélange at Lajishankou area. Abundant radiolarians occur in red chert, and trilobite, brachiopod, and coral fossils occur within Dingmaoshan limestone blocks. Although partial basalt or chert blocks are highly disrupted, duplex, thrust fault, rootless intrafolial fold, tight fold, and penetrative foliation are well‐developed at Donggoumeikuang area. Spatially, accretionary complexes lie structurally beneath ophiolite complex and above the turbidites of the Central Qilian block. Ophiolite and accretionary complexes are also overlapped by late Ordovician molasse deposits sourced from Cambrian arc‐trench system and the Central Qilian block. These observations demonstrate that a Cambrian‐early Ordovician trench‐arc system within the South Qilian belt formed during the early Paleozoic southward subduction of the South Qilian Ocean collided with the Central Qilian block prior to the late Ordovician.     

多孔径瞬变电磁场物理模拟

为了提高瞬变电磁法对地探测精度,提出了一种新颖的瞬变电磁装置一多孔径发射装置,并进行了多孔径瞬变电磁场物理模拟观测.分别使用四孔径发射装置和常规回线发射装置,进行不同收一发距情况下的一次场观测,并对铜板在不同埋藏深度情况下的二次响应进行观测,通过比较两种不同装置下的响应曲线和计算观测数据误差,最终发现使用四孔径发射装置可使一次场强度提高34%,可使二次场强度提高31%.结论表明,多孔径发射源可以改变电磁场的空间分布,认为瞬变电磁场存在类相干现象.研究成果对提高瞬变电磁的探测精度具有很重要的意义.     

Drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test for underground powerhouse in Pushihe pumped storage hydro-plant

Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.     

液液萃取电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定碳酸盐岩中的单质硫

建立了碳酸盐岩样品中单质硫的分析方法,此法以正己烷为萃取剂,在180.7 nm和182.0 nm波长下用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定国家标准物质GBW(E)07108和碳酸盐岩样品。正己烷萃取碳酸盐岩中单质硫的回收率在90%～110%之间;每个样品测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5.0%。结果表明,此法满足实验要求,可用于大批量碳酸盐岩样品中单质硫的测定。      

内蒙古维拉斯托铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因研究

维拉斯托铅锌矿床发育在大兴安岭南段西坡成矿带内。矿区出露的岩浆岩主要为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩以及碱性花岗岩等;矿体严格受断裂构造控制,属典型的热液脉型矿床。矿床的热液期可划分为3个阶段:Ⅰ石英-毒砂-黄铁矿阶段、Ⅱ多金属硫化物-石英阶段和Ⅲ石英-碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,维拉斯托矿床矿石主要发育气液两相、富CH_4以及含CH_4-CO_2的包裹体。Ⅰ阶段3种类型包裹体均发育,Ⅱ阶段以气液两相和含CH_4-CO_2的包裹体为主,Ⅲ阶段仅发育气液两相包裹体。Ⅰ阶段包裹体均一温度范围为243.1℃~398.5℃,盐度为4.8%~12%NaCleqv;Ⅱ阶段均一温度为190.0℃~331.1℃,盐度为3.5%~9.1%NaCleqv;Ⅲ阶段均一温度范围为180.0℃~240.0℃,盐度范围为3.7%~6.7%NaCleqv,显示成矿流体具有中温、低盐度和低密度的特点;激光拉曼光谱分析包裹体气相成分主要为CO_2、CH_4和H_2O。氢、氧同位素分析结果表明成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水的混合特征;硫同位素结果显示成矿物质具有深源的特点。综合分析认为,矿床的形成与燕山期中酸性岩浆活动密切相关,深部岩浆在上升过程中与下渗的大气降水发生混合,导致矿物质在近东西向的"S"型压扭性断裂中沉淀并富集成矿。     

基于滑坡风险评价的水电站坝址比选研究

针对滑坡风险在水电工程进行坝址比选时量化评价的问题,提出了基于滑坡风险评价的坝址比选研究方法,在综合考虑滑坡危险性分析、易损性分析和破坏性评价的基础上,引入滑坡体重要性系数、工程影响系数、距离模数、滑坡体状况系数、工况发生年概率等5个指标参数,综合考虑滑坡体客观情况与人类活动影响因素,建立以年期望值为指标的水电工程滑坡灾害评价体系。用坝址安全风险指标、堵江引起发电量损失指标、河道清淤指标、库内清淤指标、涌浪破坏损失指标、人口易损性指标和自然易损性指标等指标作为标准对坝址选择进行风险综合评价,可有效避免在安全风险指标相似情况下坝址风险确定难的问题。通过对滑坡体造成的破坏损失评价,运用安全与经济性相平衡原则,得出基于风险评价的坝址比选结果。以雅砻江卡拉水电站坝址选择为计算实例,得出同一量纲下的计算分析结果,该结果更直观可靠,为坝址比选提供了依据。     

青海省马匹寺电厂水源地数值模拟研究

针对山间河谷类傍河水源地共有的地质条件,本文应用国际通用的Visual Modflow软件包对选取的典型地段进行地下水流数值模拟研究,通过对研究区的地下水梯度场、降速场以及水均衡结果与实测资料的识别与验证,建立地下水流模型,并对不同降水频率下的开采方案进行预测评价,保证了拟建水源地所需的可开采水量,也为同类型水源地的研究提供借鉴.