珠江河网分形机理研究

以不同时期珠江网河历史地图及遥感影像为基础,进行了河网分形计算,并从河道发育、人为活动等多个角度分析了珠江网河分形机理。在发育过程中,1883-2001年间河网分维值逐渐减小;在空间上,正干水道中潮道分维值大于分汊河道。分析认为,人为活动是导致珠江网河分形变化的主要因素:联围筑闸消灭横向支汊、口门整治及河道固化减小了河道冲决的几率、河道挖沙引起的水沙分流比变化改变了河道冲淤特性。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘飞播区白沙蒿植被密度与土壤水分关系的研究

对腾格里沙漠东南缘飞机播种区不同密度白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch)人工草地的土壤水分和植物生长状况进行研究。结果表明,白沙蒿密度在5.1~9株·m^-2时,整个生长期土壤水分处于严重亏缺状态, 0~100 cm土层水分含量仅为0.55%~0.7%,白沙蒿死亡率高达55%~76.7%;密度在1.9株·m^-2时,其土壤水分含量在0.65%~1.01%,白沙蒿死亡率为21.1%;密度在1.25株·m^-2时,土壤水分在0.79%~1.48%,白沙蒿无一株死亡,且植株个体生长状况好于密度大样地,并有自繁育苗补偿,这表明研究区种植白沙蒿的适宜密度在1株·m^-2左右。裸露沙地0~100 cm土壤含水量为1.3%~2.48%。     

DYNAMIC INFLUENCE OF QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS ON THE LEE CYCLONES

Using the operational model(B model)of Beijing Meteorological Center,we do some of numerical experi-ments of crossing and rounding mountains in all velocity adjustment scheme,and study dynamic effect ofQinghai-Xizang Plateau and Rocky Mountains on lee cyclones.The results show that due to air flow roundthe Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,divergence is distributed in the shape of confluence which matches cyclogenesisarea and cyclonic track in East Asia.In the downstream of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,convergence inthe upper troposphere restrains cyclone development in the east of China mainland.In North America,air flow primarily crosses over Rocky Mountains.Air is adiabatically cooled when it flows upward in thewest flank of Rocky Mountains,while air is warmed when it flows downward in the lee side.The fact isimportant for the lee cyclogenesis and the lee frontogenesis of Rocky Mountains.Air flow crossing over RockyMountains is also the main cause for forming dryline in the mid-west of United States.     

甘肃省入境旅游客源市场及发展对策研究

运用市场份额和亲景度指标,定量分析2000—2006年(2003年除外)甘肃省入境旅游客源市场的市场份额和亲景度的时空变化特征,并探讨了4种市场类型与4类亲景度市场的相关性,据此确定目前甘肃省入境旅游客源市场适宜发展的4类模式:重点市场、主要市场、潜在市场和机会市场,为甘肃省入境旅游客源市场定位和开拓提供科学依据,并提出甘肃省入境旅游发展的相关对策、措施。     

MODIS与NCEP大气可降水量资料的比较分析

利用中国大陆地区2001年4个季节(1、4、7、10月)中8d和4m的NCEP资料，对整层大气的比湿进行积分得到大气可降水量。选用了同时同地的MODIS大气可降水量资料，然后对两者进行了对比分析。结果发现：在中国西北、内蒙地区MODIS大气可降水量资料要比NCEP资料普遍偏大，而在东南和华南部分地区则普遍偏小。如果对上述两个地区的MODIS资料分别乘以修正系数0．933983和1．07686，则两者的差别可控制在0．2cm以内。因此，MODIS大气可降水量资料经过修正后，可以为卫星反演模式提供同化性较好的输入资料。     

免烧粉煤灰滤料的制备及其性能的研究

为了扩大粉煤灰的应用范围,减少其对环境的污染,并且寻求一种新的水处理滤料的配方与制备方法,以粉煤灰、粘土为主要原料,以生石灰、石膏、水泥为激发剂,以H₂O₂（双氧水）、NaHCO₃为发泡剂,经搅拌、成型、自然冷却等工艺在实验室制备了免烧粉煤灰滤料.结果表明,如果以孔隙率作为主要的性能评价指标,制备免烧粉煤灰滤料的最佳质量配比为：粉煤灰46.30%,粘土13.89%,生石灰18.52%,水泥13.89%,石膏1.85%,纯H₂O₂ 5.55%,此时所制滤料的孔隙率为72.24%.     

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE WIND ALONG THE COAST OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE IN CHINA

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sea surface wind in Guangdong''s coastal areas were analyzed with data from four offshore observational stations between 2012 and 2015. The results are shown as follows: (1) The probability distribution of wind speed was basically consistent with Gaussian distribution characteristics; winds of Beaufort force 6 or higher were observed mainly in far offshore stations from October to March. (2) The probability distribution of wind direction was represented well by Weibull distribution. The deviation of wind direction of far station was relatively small for it was mainly controlled by monsoon over the South China Sea, while the near offshore station had a relatively large diurnal variation because of the influence of local synoptic systems such as sea-land breeze. (3) There were significant seasonal differences in wind speed and direction observed by different offshore observational stations. In strong wind seasons, the deviation of wind direction was relatively small while the deviation of wind speed was relatively large, and vice versa. In contrast with Class I station, the other three stations exhibited approximately normal distribution of wind direction and wind speed deviations. (4) Wind direction diurnal variation was moderate in windy periods, while it was obvious in relatively lower speed conditions. The deviation of wind speed in windy periods was generally greater because it was influenced by mesoscale weather systems for 10-20 h, and the influence was complicated, resulting in greater local differences in wind speed.     

“16·7”华北极端强降水特征及天气学成因分析

2016年7月19-20日华北出现了当年入汛以来最强降水过程。此次降水过程为一次影响范围广、累积雨量大、持续时间长的极端强降水过程,其强度较"96·8"强,仅次于"63·8"。以暖云降水为主,短时强降水特征明显,局地小时雨强强、且具有明显的地形降水特征。此次强降水发生在南亚高压东伸加强、副热带高压西伸北抬、中高纬度西风带低涡系统发展的环流背景下,黄淮气旋、西南和东南低空急流的异常发展以及水汽的异常充沛表明此次强降水过程动力抬升和水汽条件非常有利。强降水过程表现出明显的阶段特征,主要分为两个阶段:19日凌晨至白天为高空槽前偏东风导致的地形强降水、19日夜间至20日为黄淮气旋系统北侧螺旋雨带造成的强降水。第一阶段的降水主要与高空槽前偏东风/东南风急流的发展有直接关系。这一阶段对流降水旺盛,中层弱干冷平流以及低层强暖平流是对流不稳定能量的维持机制,强降水形成的冷堆与局地地形作用产生的中尺度锋生过程为对流持续新生提供了有利条件。第二阶段的降水主要与低涡切断和黄淮气旋的强烈发展有关。该阶段降水对流相对较弱,黄淮气旋进入华北以后移动缓慢,从而造成降水持续时间较长。     

近10年北京经济职能的发展变化

利用北京1992年、1997年和2002年投入产出表信息,根据净输出判断城市基本部门,采用主成分-因子分析等方法辨识产业群,借此分析了北京近10年间的经济功能变化。电子和信息产业群、医药产业群是北京第三功能优势和科技优势与第二产业的结合而发展的基本部门群。造纸及文教用品、家具制造业与高级服务业也形成了一个关联较密切的产业群。资源环境条件对北京的产业发展产生了一定的约束,但钢铁和机械工业群与石油加工和化学工业群中核心产业的发展却出现了相反的趋势,后者利用已有基础和相对有利的微观区位获得了明显的发展。本文尝试性地提出了“基本部门群”的概念,即核心产业为城市基本部门的产业群。