长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu，Zn，Pb，Cr的分布特征

2005年10月-12月,对长江口北部和江苏南部海域进行了较为全面的沉积物化学调查,调查海域范围较广、布点密度较高,为全面深入地研究该海域的底质分布状况积累了重要的资料.分析研究了其中的表层沉积物中重金属Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr含量的分布特征;讨论了重金属与有机质的相关性,并以有机质含量作为环境因素的校正因子,判别了异常值;Cu,Zn,Pb的含量相互之间也呈明显正相关,除了由于三者有相似的地球化学性质之外,可能表明它们在本调查海域有相似的污染源.以平均富集因子对重金属的富集状况进行了评价,结果表明Cu为中度污染,Zn,Pb,Cr均为轻度污染,重金属的富集程度Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb.     

Examination of Extraordinary Transmission of Waves Propagation through Gaps of Vertical Thin Barriers in Channels by A Hypersingular Boundary Element Method

The extraordinary transmission(ET) phenomenon is examined for waves propagating through gaps of vertical thin barriers in channels with a hypersingular boundary element method model on the linear potential theory, and an estimate formula based on small gap approximation for predicting the number of ET frequencies is proposed.Numerical computations are carried out to examine the influences of barrier number, barrier interval, gap size, gap position and barrier arrangement on extraordinary transmission and wave height in the channel. It shows that all of those factors evidently affect the extraordinary transmission frequencies. The contours of wave amplitude show that very high waves can be excited in the basins between barriers at the extraordinary transmission frequencies. Proper arrangement of barriers in a channel can avoid the occurrence of ET phenomenon and reduce wave height in the channel.     

Effect of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on maize seedlings under NaCl stress

In this study, a polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was extracted and its effect on maize seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated. Firstly, the components and structure of the EP were determined. We found that EP is a sulfated polysaccharide of high-molecular weight (Mw, 1 840 KDa) heteropolysaccharides and the main monosaccharide is rhamnose. The polysaccharide was applied to explore its effect on the growth of maize seedlings and its defense response under a salt stress. The results show that EP could promote the growth of maize seedlings under the salt stress. In addition, EP was shown able to significantly regulate membrane permeability and adjustment of osmotic substances such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, EP is an effective salt-resistant substance for the growth of maize seedlings under NaCl stress.     

南黄海绿潮暴发与紫菜养殖的关系

采用现场调查、社会调查和卫星遥感多种手段相结合,调查了南黄海绿潮早期零星漂浮到大面积暴发的时空变化过程,分析了紫菜养殖工艺对绿潮暴发的影响,估算了南黄海不同紫菜养殖区输入海洋的绿潮藻初始生物量,并探讨了主要海域紫菜养殖面积的增长与绿潮暴发的关系。结果表明,受紫菜养殖生产工艺的影响,数以千吨的绿潮藻在短期内被刮落集中输入至海洋,为绿潮的暴发提供了最为直接和充足的绿潮藻初始生物量,其主要来源为竹根沙、蒋家沙和东沙紫菜养殖区。2005年以来,上述3个养殖区的紫菜养殖面积持续扩大,是2007年以来南黄海绿潮持续暴发的主要原因。水温是影响绿潮形成的关键环境因素,4~6月份大量被刮落入海的绿潮藻在适宜环境条件下漂浮和快速生长,并最终形成绿潮。     

基于谱反演估算神狐海域含水合物沉积层厚度

文章采用基于特殊处理数据的叠后谱反演方法对南海北部陆坡神狐海域的含水合物沉积层厚度进行预测。正演模拟结果表明,谱反演技术可以精细识别异常地质体,获取高分辨率的反射系数剖面。结合研究区高信噪比地震资料,基于频谱分析,发现在频率剖面上含水合物沉积层主要表现为低频高能、高频低能或高频盲区之上的低频低能、高频高能或高频低能区,含水合物沉积层顶底界面均存在频率异常,且含水合物沉积层底界衰减最为强烈,通过谱反演,发现获取的反射系数剖面比原始地震数据分辨率更高,且与实际测井结果可对比,通过定义?90?相位旋转后谱反演结果上振幅为零值的点之间的距离为地层厚度,计算的过井含水合物沉积层厚度与测井估算结果吻合度高。研究表明,该方法可以获取精度较高的含水合物沉积层厚度信息,实现精度较高的水合物储量估算。     

Simulation of the extreme waves generated by typhoon Bolaven (1215) in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Record-breaking high waves occurred during the passage of the typhoon Bolaven (1215) (TYB) in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) although its intensity did not reach the level of a super typhoon. Winds and directional wave measurements were made using a range of in-situ instruments mounted on an ocean tower and buoys. In order to understand how such high waves with long duration occurred, analyses have been made through measurement and numerical simulations. TYB winds were generated using the TC96 typhoon wind model with the best track data calibrated with the measurements. And then the wind fields were blended with the reanalyzed synoptic-scale wind fields for a wave model. Wave fields were simulated using WAM4.5 with adjustment of C_d for gust of winds and bottom friction for the study area. Thus the accuracy of simulations is considerably enhanced, and the computed results are also in better agreement with measured data than before. It is found that the extremely high waves evolved as a result of the superposition of distant large swells and high wind seas generated by strong winds from the front/right quadrant of the typhoon track. As the typhoon moved at a speed a little slower than the dominant wave group velocity in a consistent direction for two days, the wave growth was significantly enhanced by strong wind input in an extended fetch and non-linear interaction.     

Distribution and expression of gas seeps in a gas hydrate province of the northeastern Sakhalin continental slope, Sea of Okhotsk

Multidisciplinary surveys were conducted to investigate gas seepage and gas hydrate accumulation on the northeastern Sakhalin continental slope (NESS), Sea of Okhotsk, during joint Korean–Russian–Japanese expeditions conducted from 2003 to 2007 (CHAOS and SSGH projects). One hundred sixty-one gas seeps were detected in a 2000 km² area of the NESS (between 53°45′N and 54°45′N). Active gas seeps in a gas hydrate province on the NESS were evident from features in the water column, on the seafloor, and in the subsurface: well-defined hydroacoustic anomalies (gas flares), side-scan sonar structures with high backscatter intensity (seepage structures), bathymetric structures (pockmarks and mounds), gas- and gas-hydrate-related seismic features (bottom-simulating reflectors, gas chimneys, high-amplitude reflectors, and acoustic blanking), high methane concentrations in seawater, and gas hydrates in sediment near the seafloor. These expressions were generally spatially related; a gas flare would be associated with a seepage structure (mound), below which a gas chimney was present. The spatial distribution of gas seeps on the NESS is controlled by four types of geological structures: faults, the shelf break, seafloor canyons, and submarine slides. Gas chimneys that produced enhanced reflection on high-resolution seismic profiles are interpreted as active pathways for upward gas migration to the seafloor. The chimneys and gas flares are good indicators of active seepage.     

单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)的人工苗种生产研究 Ⅰ .水温对胚胎发育及幼体培育的影响

为给单环刺 (U.unicinctus)的苗种生产提供有效的基础资料 ,本文研究了水温对单环刺胚胎发育的影响。结果表明 :单环刺各胚胎发育期的发育速度 (h)随水温 (T)升高而加快 ,有明显的正相关性。求得胚胎发育的生物学零度为平均 2℃。不同水温条件下 ,各期幼虫期的存活率以2 0℃为最高 ,培育水温高于或低于 2 0℃时生存率逐渐降低。幼虫培育适宜温度为 15～ 2 0℃。     

BG型钻杆排放设备的设计与应用

传统接卸钻杆多采用人工对扣、拖拽摆放方式,效率较低,工人劳动强度大。针对目前流行的可抬头式全液压钻机,设计了一种BG型自动钻杆排放设备,该设备通过机械手与夹持器2个机构与抬头式动力头配合完成钻杆的自动化接卸、摆放。详细介绍了机械手结构设计与回转驱动选型、夹持器结构设计与夹持油缸选型以及液压系统的设计思路,从理论上确定设备的可靠性。最后通过现场试验验证了BG型自动钻杆排放设备的实用性。