地闪回击的微秒级辐射场特征及近地面连接过程分析

利用１μｓ时间分辨率的慢天线电场变化仪在甘肃中川地区雷暴过程中测量得到的大量地闪辐射波形地地闪回击辐射场特征及回击的慢前沿过程进行分析,发现１８次正地闪和８５次负地闪产在周前沿过程上升时间为１９．２μｓ和９．４μｓ,８４次负地闪继后回击的前沿过程为４．３ μｓ。ＹＹ ＵＤＡ Ｏ ３．１μ;     

中国内陆高原地闪特征的统计分析

利用微秒级时间分辨率的宽带慢天线电场变化仪首次在中国内陆高原地区对雷暴过程中的正、负地闪特征进行了测量和系统分析 ,发现每次雷暴过程中正闪的比例有随总闪频数增大而减少的趋势 ,弱雷暴过程更有利于正地闪的产生。平均来讲 ,正地闪占闪电总数的 16 % ,介于美国夏季雷暴和日本冬季雷暴之间。负地闪闪击间隔的算术平均值和几何平均值分别为 6 4.3ms和 46 .6ms。 5 4%的负地闪有至少一次继后回击强度大于首次回击 ,而且有 2 0 %的继后回击其强度大于首次回击强度。继后回击强度与首次回击强度的比例几何平均值为 0 .46 ,算术平均值为 0 .70 ,平均回击数为 3.76 ,39.8%为单次回击地闪。正地闪的多次回击只占 13.0 % ,且闪击之间的时间间隔也较大 ,算术平均值为 91.7ms。     

气候变暖对云南烤烟生产影响的初步分析

通过对云南6个烤烟种植区35 a来烤烟大田生长期气温资料的初步分析发现:云南省6个烤烟生产区烤烟大田生长季平均气温呈明显升高趋势,热量条件有较明显的改善;各烟区烤烟成熟—采烤期气候变暖趋势一致性好、增温最突出、增幅最大,增温幅度达到了0.0155~0.0356℃/a,这在一定程度上缓和了云南省烤烟生产过程中烤烟生长中、后期高温不足这一制约云南烤烟品质提高的气候瓶颈问题,对提高云南省烟叶品质有十分重要的促进作用。     

一次具有对流合并现象的强飑线系统的闪电活动特征及其与动力场的关系

受东北冷涡与副热带高压西北部暖湿气流影响,2015年7月27日北京地区爆发了一次具有明显对流单体合并特征的强飑线灾害性强对流天气过程。利用北京闪电定位网（BLNet）总闪定位、多普勒雷达和探空资料等,详细分析了此次飑线过程整个生命史期间不同对流区的总闪活动特征。结果表明,整个飑线过程以云闪为主,地闪活动以负地闪为主;对流单体合并时云闪数量激增,飑线过程后期正地闪比例跃增。93%的闪电主要分布在距对流线10 km范围内,层云区闪电较少;层云区的闪电电荷来源主要是由对流区的电荷经过过渡区输送而来,正地闪更易发生在过渡区和层云区。对流合并过程中有大量的水汽集中,垂直积分液态含水量（VIL）峰值超前闪电峰值24 min。利用变分多普勒雷达分析系统（VDRAS）对这次过程的三维风场进了反演,据此对单体合并期间闪电增强的动力原因进行了研究。根据VDRAS反演的动力场来看,对流云单体合并主要发生在低层辐合区内,合并后上升运动加强,上升气流范围变大,闪电活动显著增强,并主要发生在具有较强垂直风切变的区域,少部分闪电发生在对流区后部开始出现下沉气流的区域。     

雷电电磁辐射脉冲的GPS多站同步系统

利用全球卫星定位导航系统GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)的秒脉冲信号PPS(PulsePerSec ond)与高精度时钟电路同步,实现了雷电电磁辐射脉冲测量时的多站同步,解决了因晶体振荡频率漂移造成高精度时钟计数误差的难点,同步精度达到±50ns。文中介绍了该系统的组成及原理,野外的初步观测得到了多站雷电观测的同步资料,证实了该同步系统的可靠性。     

九华山花岗岩体钠交代特征与成矿作用的初步探讨

本文分析和归纳了花岗岩、钠交代岩的产出条件、蚀变特征,论述了岩体中热液活动阶段划分及蚀变流体的演化。探讨了钠交代作用及其蚀变岩石对铍铀成矿所起的控制作用。     

Reliability Index of Caisson Breakwaters for Load Variables Correlated

In order to suit the condition that the wave uplift is correlated with the horizontal wave load acting on a vertical breakwater, a generally used method for determining the reliability index β of the breakwater, i.e. the Hasofer-Lind method, is extended in a generalized stochastic space for correlative variables. The computational results for a caisson breakwater indicate that the value of β for the case of correlated variables is obviously smaller than that for the case of independent variables.     

Analysis of the Initial Stage Intracloud Lightning Using the Pulse Location Technique Based on the Fast Electric Field Change

Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029 2 Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000 3 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000 4 Nanjing University of Information Science＆Technology,Nanjing 210044
Using both fast and slow electric field change sensors and field mill,multi-station observations on lightning flashes over China inland plateau areas were conducted during the summer of 2004.All of the stations were synchronized by GPS with a time-resolution of±50 ns.Using the different time of arrival（DTOA）and based on the fast electric field change sensor,a lightning radiation location technique was developed.Radiation pulses in the initial stages of five intracloud（IC）lightning discharges which occurred on 20 August were analyzed.The results indicate that the technique developed could effectively locate the lightning radiation sources.Furthermore,the lightning discharges were compared with the Doppler radar data.The results show that the radiation sources were well associated with the storm development.When the storm was at the mature stage with an echo top of about 10.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 5.2 to 8.3 km above mean sea level;when the storm gradually became weaker,with echo top of about 7.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 3.0 to 5.9 km.In particular,one of the IC lightning discharges ranged from 3.0 to 4.9 km during the dissipation stage of the storm.The results also indicate that the radiation sources were closely associated with the high reflectivity region（25–50 dBZ）of the storm,which,to some extent,demonstrates the reliability of the location results,thereby showing that multi-station observations of fast electric field change sensors could be a useful tool for monitoring the storm development.Location errors from radiation sources were also compared with the radar data and the results of a simple simulation.It was found that the errors were getting smaller when the radiation sources approached the center of the detection network, and vice versa.Compared with the limited experimental observations,the simulation results were found capable of effectively reflecting the location errors.     

浙西北火山盆地铀矿主要类型,产出条件及找矿方向

本文根据铀矿化特点，将浙西北火山盆地铀矿划分为３种类型，即沉积（成岩）型、热液脉型及沉积－热液叠加改造型（层控型）铀矿。系统地总结了不同类型铀矿的地质特征及产出条件，探讨了各类铀矿的成因联系及成矿模式，指明了火山盆地铀矿的找矿方向及途径。     

短基线时间差闪电辐射源探测系统和初步定位结果

介绍了一种新型的闪电探测设备———短基线时间差法辐射源定位系统,并选取2002年夏季野外观测实验中的辐射源定位结果,结合电场变化特征分别对两次地闪和云闪进行了分析。结果表明,该系统对地闪先导过程和云闪产生的辐射源能够较好地定位。定位结果的个例分析证实,观测地区的两次云闪放电过程都由起始于云下部负电荷区的负极性击穿引发,然后向上发展到上部正电荷区,通道的发展速度约为1.29×105m·s-1,地闪梯级先导的传播速度约为1.73×105m·s-1。