钠长石与水云母型铀矿成矿特征对比与成矿机理探讨

本文以６２１与６７０地区为例，概述了钠长石与水云母型铀矿产出的地质背景及成矿前期岩石的蚀变特征，综合分析了这两类蚀变岩型铀矿矿石结构构造、矿物成分、共生元素、成矿温度、成矿时间、流体成分及放射性场等方面的差异性。探讨了这两类铀矿不同的成因机制：钠长石型铀矿成矿物质主要来自围岩，铀以碳酸铀酰络离子［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］４形式搬运，铀的析出富集主要由溶液成分、碱度发生突变所引起；而水云母型铀矿成矿物质主要来自富铀的火山期后热液，铀以钼酸钠酰络离子［ＵＯ２（ＭｏＯ４）２］２形式迁移，铀沉淀富集主要由溶液温度、压力降低所引起。     

西藏定结、定日三叠系遗迹化石及其地质意义

西藏定结县、定日县一带的三叠系产大量遗迹化石,可划分为4个遗迹化石组合,对应于Skolithos遗迹相,Cruziana遗迹相和Zoophycos遗迹相.根据遗迹相及其它相标志判别,该区早中三叠世主要为陆棚环境,晚三叠世主要为滨岸环境.对遗迹化石的分析结果表明该区早三叠世存在短暂的缺氧事件.     

670地区角砾岩成因及成矿意义

本文阐述了670地区角砾岩产状、形态、结构、组分诸方面特征,指出该地质体是在火山残浆及流体参与下,通过熔浆侵入、隐爆作用形成的产物;并在讨论该角砾岩成因的基础上,探讨了它在铀成矿作用中的意义。     

全球泥盆纪生物礁演化及其影响因素

泥盆纪是地史时期海洋生物迅速演化的时期之一,以发育显生宙以来地球上最大规模生物礁生态系统及其彻底崩溃为重要特征。泥盆纪的生物礁经历了吉维特-弗拉期和法门期的繁盛,造礁生物分别以珊瑚-层孔虫和菌藻类为主导;在吉维特中晚期、弗拉-法门期(F/F)之交和泥盆纪-石炭纪(D/C)之交,则遭受多次生物灭绝事件的打击,随后在石炭纪的杜内早-中期生物礁基本消失,而后生动物礁直到13 Myr之后(维宪期)才再次出现。通过最新的地球化学资料研究发现,中泥盆世海水表层温度适宜、大陆风化程度较低。因此,全球后生动物礁规模空前,异常繁盛;而晚泥盆世海水表层温度及大陆风化程度较高,导致法门期后生动物礁衰落,而菌藻类生物礁繁盛。通过灭绝事件的详细研究表明,Taghanic事件中海平面的快速上升、温度的急剧升高造成珊瑚和层孔虫消失,后生动物礁数量大幅减少;Kellwasser事件中的温度突变、全球性海平面升降以及缺氧等因素则引发了后生动物礁彻底崩溃;而Hangenberg事件中短暂复苏的后生动物礁受温度降低和海平面下降的影响而最终消失。因此,在众多影响泥盆纪生物礁发育的因素中,全球性的温度和海平面变化占据主导地位。     

New Data on the Age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation at Liujing, Guangxi, South China

The age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation has been shrouded in controversy for more than 75 years. New investigation at the Liujing section, Hengxian County, Guangxi, has revealed a conodont sequence assignable to two Early Devonian conodont zonations: the Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone and the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone from oldest to youngest. The Gaoling and Mahuangling members of the Nahkaoling (Nagaoling) Formation and the overlying Xiayiling Member and lower part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation are proven to belong to the Pragian Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone. The co-occurrence of Polygnathus pireneae and Pol. sokolovi in the lower part of the Shizhou Member demonstrates that this interval can be approximately correlated with the uppermost part of the Polygnathus pireneae Zone. However, precise level identification of the Pragian–Emsian Boundary (PEB) in the Liujing section remains dfficult due to the scarcity of suitable limestone samples for conodont analysis from the middle and upper parts of the Shizhou Member. The Daliancun and Liujing members of the Yukiang Formation and the lower part of the overlying Moding Formation are assigned to the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone with the nominal species of this biozone ranging from the bottom of the Daliancun Member to the lower part of the Moding Formation.     

多源信息叠合在延吉盆地油气远景预测的应用

基于GIS的多源信息叠合评价方法是以基础地质图件或数据作为信息,将原始地质图件和数据网格化并赋以属性值,通过地质信息分级标准,变换为标准信息图,通过因子分析,确定各参数的权重并建立油气评价模型,用符合地质含义的关系式进行数据与图层、图层与图层之间的叠合、计算,最后通过空间隐含信息的提取,预测出盆地的有利勘探区域.作者采用该方法,对已发现工业油气流的延吉盆地进行了多源信息叠合、计算评价,指出了章岩洞-崇明、延吉市周遍、铜佛寺周遍三大区块为油气勘探有利远景区.     

Using lightning locating system based on time-of-arrival technique to study three-dimensional lightning discharge processes

A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in China.The 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field change.It was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation sources.The preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2×104 m/s.The stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial breakdown.Thereafter,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/s.The initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative streamer.These streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this study.The NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge region.As a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation sources.The source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 W.The 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in China.The possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.     

云闪放电通道内的粒子密度及分布特征

依据在中国西藏高原地区得到的6幅云闪放电通道的光谱,由谱线波长、相对强度和跃迁几率等信息,结合等离子体理论,计算了云闪放电通道的温度和电子密度;进而,利用Saha方程、电荷守恒和粒子数守恒方程,得到了粒子处于各电离级上的数密度、通道质量密度、压强和平均电离度等参数,并对云闪通道内部粒子数分布特点进行了分析.结果表明,与地闪回击通道类似,云闪通道接近于完全电离,通道内部以单次电离的离子为主,且NII离子数密度最高.具有较高温度的通道位置处,中性和一次以上电离离子数密度的绝对值和相对值都较高,但是,不同温度下NII、OII、ArII粒子的相对浓度变化不大.与地闪回击通道不同,云闪同一放电通道内不同位置处粒子数密度差异较大,且沿通道没有显示规律性变化,通道压强从零点几到几兆帕.     

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿矿物元素组合分带及找矿预测

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿地处安第斯褶皱带中段,西科迪勒拉构造带东侧南端。矿体主要赋存于多尔各组二段(E3t2)地层中。通过对多尔各市D铜矿矿物分带、主元素及微量元素组合分析,采用数理统计分析方法。研究结果表明:(1)粉砂岩型矿化(Ⅰ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)发育减弱;远离矿化硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(2)砂砾岩型矿化(Ⅱ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)减弱;远离矿化段,硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(3)石英脉型矿化(Ⅲ型矿化):内带主要发育矿化、硅化,最显著的特征为发育大量矿化脉及石英脉;外带发育泥质脉及石英脉。(4)Cu—Ag元素组合为矿区重要的矿化元素组合内带,Ca—Mn元素组合为矿区近矿围岩褪色蚀变元素组合中带,U—V元素组合为矿区含矿"红层"元素组合外带。通过矿物分带、地球化学元素分析,确定找矿靶区,并在靶区探获铜矿量770.08万吨、平均品位1.77%、金属量136304t。