河湖滨岸缓冲带净污机理及适宜宽度研究进展

在分析河湖滨岸缓冲带结构特征和定义的基础上,从3个方面阐述河湖滨岸缓冲带净化农业非点源污染物的机理:(1)降低地表径流速度,过滤和拦截颗粒态污染物;(2)植物吸收、土壤吸附溶解态的污染物;(3)促进氮的反硝化作用。论述了河湖滨岸缓冲带适宜宽度的研究进展,认为在我国仅仅从环境的角度对适宜宽度进行研究还远远不够,需要从环境、经济和社会等角度对河湖滨岸缓冲带的适宜宽度进行综合研究。探讨了河湖滨岸植被缓冲带净污机理需要进一步研究的突出问题。     

基于GML的空间数据转换方法研究

提出了一种基于GML的空间数据转换方法,按照GML描述地理要素的统一数据模型,将Internet中多源异构的空间数据进行编码,生成GML数据,实现GML数据与多格式空间数据的相互转换。并利用JavaWebStart技术将转换后的Java应用程序通过Web页面运行,客户端的GIS用户将以GML数据作为标准,进行空间数据的转换,以达到数据共享的目的。     

基于CIRCLE特征变换的点群选取算法

本文在分析了当前地图自动综合算法的基础上,提出了一种基于Circle特征变换的点群选取新算法。文中介绍了该算法中空域中心点的确定、目标特征空间的计算、坐标空间到特征空间的转换、特征空间的聚类以及特征空间的化简等关键步骤。最后就算法的结果进行了分析与评价。     

基于统一强度理论深埋圆形隧道围岩的剪胀分析

基于连续介质理论中岩体的剪胀角与围压和塑性剪切应变密切相关,隧洞周边岩体的应力状态因开挖卸荷而发生应力重分布,迫使其围压由原地应力逐渐衰减,塑性剪切应变不断增加,引起剪胀效应呈非线性变化。首先,基于统一强度理论和非关联流动法则,将潜在塑性区围岩按等围压释放划分为若干同心圆,提出了考虑中间主应力和非线性剪胀性的有限差分法,计算应变软化围岩的力学问题,并以实例验证其正确性。其次,通过参数分析,研究塑性区内岩体的剪胀角受中间主应力、临界软化系数和支护力的影响规律。研究结果表明,中间主应力主要影响剪胀角的峰值,随着中间主应力效应增加,剪胀峰值增加;临界软化系数主要影响剪胀角的变化率,随着临界软化系数的增加,剪胀角变化缓慢;中间主应力和临界软化系数共同影响塑性区剪胀角的变化;随着支护力的增加,洞壁处的剪胀角增加;双剪强度理论计算的位移值较小,应谨慎采用,同时采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则时可以适当考虑围岩的承载潜力。     

Recognition of Early Paleozoic Magmatisms in the Supposed Proterozoic Basements of Zhalantun, Great Xing’an Range, NE China

The Zhalantun terrane from the Xing'an massif, northeast China, was used to be considered as Proterozoic basements. However, amounts of detrital zircon ages from the meta-sedimentary rocks deny the existence of Precambrian basements recently. Notably, magmatic rocks were barely reported to limit the exact ages of the Zhalantun basements. In this study, we collected rhyolite, gabbro and quartz diorite for zircon in-situ U-Pb isotopic dating, which yield crystallization ages of ～505 Ma, ～447 Ma and ～125 Ma, respectively. Muscovite schist and siltstone define maximum depositional ages of ～499 Ma and ～489 Ma, respectively. Additionally, these dated supracrustal rocks and plutons also yield ancient detrital/xenocryst zircon ages of ～600–1000 Ma, ～1600–2220 Ma, ～2400 Ma, ～2600–2860 Ma. Based on the whole-rock major and trace element compositions, the ～505 Ma rhyolites display high SiO_2 and alkaline contents, low Fe_2O_3T, TiO_2 and Al_2O_3, and relatively high Mg O and Mg#, which exhibit calc-alkaline characteristics. These rhyolites yield fractionated REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, P and Eu anomalies and positive Zr anomalies. The geochemistry, petrology and Lu-Hf isotopes imply that rhyolites were derived from the partial melting of continental basalt induced by upwelling of sub-arc mantle magmas, and then experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase, which points to a continental arc regime. The ～447 Ma gabbros exhibit low Si O2 and alkaline contents, high Fe2 O3 T, Ti O2, Mg O and Mg#. They show minor depletions of La and Ce, flat MREE and HREE patterns, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies. Both sub-arc mantle and N-MORB-like mantle were involved in the formation of the gabbros, indicative of a probable back-arc basin tectonic setting. Given that, the previously believed Proterozoic supracrustal rocks and several plutons from the Zhalantun Precambrian basements were proved to be Paleozoic to Mesozoic rocks, among which these Paleozoic magmatic rocks were generally related to subduction regime. So far, none Proterozoic rocks have been identified from the Zhalantun Precambrian basement, though some ～600–3210 Ma ancient detrital/xenocryst zircons were reported. Combined with ancient zircon ages and newly reported ～2.5 Ga and ～1.8 Ga granites from the south of the Zhalantun, therefore, the Precambrian rocks probably once exposed in the Zhalantun while they were re-worked and consumed during later long tectonic evolutionary history, resulting in absence of Precambrian rocks in the Zhalantun.     

北京市孤山口村不稳定斜坡底界面的地质雷达标定

在北京市房山区孤山口村不稳定斜坡探测工作中,运用地质雷达法对不稳定边坡的土壤覆盖层厚度和基岩界面的起伏形态进行测定,从而查明该区不稳定斜坡的形态特征、规模大小、潜在威胁等基本情况,为不稳定斜坡治理施工设计提供可靠的工程地质依据,同时为地质雷达法探测法在地质灾害治理领域的应用提供借鉴。     

考虑吸力效应的非饱和黏土回弹模量预估模型

回弹模量是反映路基弹性支撑能力的重要指标,并受运营期间基质吸力变化的显著影响。通过3种压实黏土试样的土-水特征曲线试验和重复动三轴试验,研究了回弹模量与基质吸力的相关性,并基于非饱和土有效应力原理,提出了考虑吸力效应的回弹模量预估模型。结果表明：基质吸力与回弹模量之间具有较强的非线性相关性,可采用指数形式进行两者的拟合;含水率由最佳含水率-4%提升至最佳含水率+4%时,受基质吸力减小的影响,回弹模量降幅达到29.1%～39.0%;在 土-水特征曲线过渡区,采用以饱和度表征的有效应力参数,可较好地反映基质吸力对于回弹模量的贡献,预估效果优于采用残余含水率或进气值相关的有效应力参数;在相同饱和度的情况下,黏粒含量越多、塑性指数越高,基质吸力对有效应力的贡献比例越小。     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿区发现早古生代榴辉岩:锆石U-Pb定年证据

<正>1研究目的(Objective)东昆仑夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床所在矿区出露5个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体(编号为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)(图1a),围岩均为金水口群变质岩系。夏日哈木120万吨Ni金属仅赋存于Ⅰ号岩体内,该岩体走向NEE(约60°),长约2.0 km,宽约1.4km,地表出露长1.6 km,宽0.5 km,面积约为0.9km2,岩性主要为橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩。Ⅱ岩体由4个小岩体组成(图1),仅在北部辉石岩中见少量     

SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Age of the Sidingheishan Mafic–Ultramafic Intrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China and its Petrogenesis implication

<正>Objective The Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located in the eastern part of the North Tianshan Mountains.This work used zircon U-Pb age data,bulk rock major and trace elements,Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data to assess mantle source characteristics and crustal assimilation of the parental magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion.We have also discussed the tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic belt in the Late Paleozoic.