北京大型居住区居民通勤行为对比研究——以望京居住区和天通苑居住区为例

郊区化的过程中,居住-就业均衡性存在解体和重构的过程。以北京郊区两个大型居住区——望京居住区和天通苑居住区作为研究对象,通过问卷调查的方式获取了居民居住、就业以及通勤等方面的相关数据。研究表明:通勤时间较长是近郊大型居住区居民的共性,但由于大型居住区功能定位的差异以及所在区位和道路体系的差异,单一型居住区和混合型居住区也存在高峰通勤出行时间、通勤工具选择和通勤流向等通勤行为的差异。对这些主要影响因素加以合理规划,对解决郊区化过程造成的制住分离加剧问题具有重要作用。     

旅游规划设计的内涵本质与核心理论研究

随着旅游业在吸纳就业、调整产业结构、带动区域经济发展等诸多方面作用日益凸显,旅游规划市场呈现出蓬勃发展的趋势.然而,从学科来看旅游规划不仅缺乏独有的核心理论和关键技术作为支撑,而且其与其他规划设计在本质上的区别也尚未能予以清晰地界定.为此,在前人研究和多年规划实践基础上,就若干基础性问题进行探讨:一是提出了旅游规划设计的六大本质特征;二是提出了旅游规划设计师的四大看家本领;三是提出了旅游规划设计的“12345”核心理论框架;四是提出了旅游规划设计的综合诊断技术、创造体验技术、综合匹配技术、时空设计技术和综合集成技术五大关键技术方法;五是讨论了旅游规划设计的学科性质和地位.     

基于层次分析法和GIS的西昌市空间形态变化特征研究

城市空间形态变化研究涉及到自然条件、资源分布、人类活动、社会经济发展等诸多方面,运用层次分析法对复杂因素构成的整体问题进行层次分解和重新构造,建立多目标的综合评价指标体系和模型。以西昌市为例,将影响城市化发展和空间形态发展变化的特征因子概括分解为自然因子和人类活动因子两大类,并基于DEM数据分别提取出坡度、相对高程、坡向、地面粗糙度数据,利用两个不同时期的遥感数据求取出土地变化率数据,从而作为分析西昌市空间形态变化特征的驱动力因子。结合层次分析法计算出来的5个因子权重值,在ArcGIS 9.3中利用栅格计算器进行叠置分析,求取出西昌市空间形态变化模式趋势图和空间发展模式分类图。     

基于高光谱资料对FY-1C/1D气象卫星进行交叉定标

介绍了利用AQUA卫星高光谱AIRS资料对FY-1C、FY-1D气象卫星热红外通道进行交叉定标的方法及定标结果。首先利用卫星轨道预报软件预报出AQUA与FY-1C以及AQUA与FY-1D卫星交叉点,再对交叉区域卫星资料进行像元投影和像元匹配,像元匹配包括时间、观测角度、环境均匀性等检验。以AIRS探测结果作为辐射基准,利用其观测值和FY-1卫星热红外通道光谱响应函数进行光谱匹配,最终得到FY-1卫星热红外通道的准真值并与FY-1卫星的业务产品进行比较分析。对FY-1C、FY-1D两年多卫星资料进行多次交叉比对,结果表明FY-1C通道4比AIRS观测亮温低1.3K左右,通道5低3.6K左右;而FY-1D通道4比AIRS观测亮温低0.3K左右,通道5低3.6K左右。这个准真值与FY-1观测的计数值进行再定标得到新的定标系数。     

Changes in ice-season characteristics of a European Arctic lake from 1964 to 2008

The long-term ice record (from 1964 to 2008) of an Arctic lake in northern Europe (Lake Kilpisj?rvi) reveals the response of lake ice to climate change at local and regional scales. Average freeze-up and ice breakup occurred on 9 November and 19 June, respectively. The freeze-up has been significantly delayed at a rate of 2.3 d per decade from 1964 onward (P?<?0.05). No significant change has taken place in ice breakup. Annual average ice thickness has become smaller since the mid-1980s (P?<?0.05). Air temperature during the early ice season significantly affected the ice thickness. The freeze-up date exhibits the highest correlation with the 2-month average daily minimum air temperature centered at the end of October, while the ice breakup date exhibits the highest correlation with the 2-month average daily maximal air temperature centered in mid May. A 1°C increase in the surface air temperature corresponds to a freeze-up later by 3.4?days and an ice breakup earlier by 3.6?days. Snow cover is a critical factor in lake-ice climatology. For cumulative November to March precipitation of less than 0.13?m, the insulating effect of the snow dominated, while higher rates of precipitation favored thicker ice due to the formation of snow ice. Variations in ice records of Lake Kilpisj?rvi can serve as an indicator of climate variations across the northern Europe. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) does not significantly affect the ice season there, although both the local air temperatures and winter precipitation contain a strong NAO signal.     

台风珍珠和鲇鱼北折路径对比分析

“珍珠”（0601,Chanchu）和“鲇鱼”（1013,Megi）都是发生北折路径的台风,通过分析发现导致台风珍珠和鲇鱼路径北折的天气形势变化有一些相同点：都发生在环境场的调整中,有西风槽影响华南的副热带高压,使之减弱东退、台风移速减慢,然后副热带高压加强并从台风南部向西南伸展、与赤道高压打通,其西侧的偏南气流与越赤道气流会合引导台风向北移动;同时有弱冷空气南侵。上述环境场的突然变化导致引导气流方向发生突然变化,是这两个台风西行北折的重要原因。引导气流分析还发现,秋台风鲇鱼最佳引导气流所在高度低于初夏台风珍珠。另外,不同的路径预报方法、不同的模式和超级集合预报提供了各种台风路径预报信息,在应用这些信息时要密切结合实况天气形势的变化,进行路径预报订正。     

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。     

Evaluating the Performances of GAMIL1.0 and GAMIL2.0 during TWP-ICE with CAPT

CAPT(Climate Change Prediction Program and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program(CCPP-ARM) Parameterization Testbed) has been a valuable tool to assess climate models in recent years,and the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment(TWP-ICE) has collected comprehensive measurements to verify its physical parameterizations.The present study evaluates the performances of the two GAMIL(grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG) versions during TWP-ICE using CAPT.The results indicate that GAMIL2.0 reproduced better shifts of clouds and rainfall during three distinct monsoon phases than GAMIL1.0,although both of them simulated the large-scale dynamical states well,which are mainly attributable to the different convective parameterizations.