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151.
On August 5, 2001, Shanghai was struck by a torrential rainfall due to the passage of a tropical depression (TD). The rainfall intensity has been the strongest in recent 50 years. In this paper, a set of mesoscale re-analyses data and the planetary boundary layer observation from a wind profiler are used to understand the possible mechanism of such a heavy rain. Results show that the outburst of a southerly jet in the lower atmosphere triggered the explosive development of cyclonically vertical vorticity in the region with steep potential temperature surfaces in front of the TD; while the cyclonic vorticity increased notably at higher levels due to the small atmospheric vertical stability of westerly currents in the vicinity of Shanghai. The simultaneous sharp development of cyclonic vorticity at different levels should be the main cause for the torrential rainfall. 相似文献
152.
The time history of strong ground motion can be synthesized by empirical Green's function (EGF) method.Firstly a large seismic event is discretized into a series of subevents; secondly recordings of earthquakes with proper size and spatial distribution are chosen as time history (EGF) of those subevents; finally the EGFs are summated to get the time history of ground motion caused by the large event. 相似文献
153.
High buildings or architectural complex in urban areas remarkably distort the urban surface wind fields. As the air flow approaches,local strong wind may appear around the buildings. The strong wind makes the pedestrians on sidewalks, entrances and terrace very uncomfortable and causes the pedestrian level wind environment problem. In this studies, hot-wire wind measurement, wind scouring in wind tunnel and numerical computation were carried out to evaluate the wind environment of tall buildings in the prevailing flow conditions in Beijing areas. The results obtained by three techniques were compared and mutually verified. The conclusions drawn from three approaches agree with each other. Also the advantages and limitations of each method were analyzed. It is suggested that the combination of different techniques may produce better assessment of wind environment around high buildings. 相似文献
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The influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification is getting more and more recognition along with large span underground working’s increasingly coming forth. The authors analyse the timbering expense of cavern in jointed rock mass, the radius of plastic loosened zone and the size effect of macroscopical mechanical parameters of rock mass. Based on the complexion of depressing of surrounding rock’s stability due to increment of cavern’s span, the authors pinpoint attaching importance to the influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification; and suggest reckoning the factor of cavern’s span in surrounding rock classification scientifically by studying the size effect of rock mass’s physico-mechanical parameters. 相似文献
156.
Bin Chen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(22):5387-5388
157.
云南沿边境地带生态环境3S监测、 评价与调控研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文利用全球新千年整体生态系统评估的理论,以云南省沿边境地带生态系统变化跨境生态安全为研究对象,探寻并揭示我国陆疆系统的跨境生态系统变化监测、评价和生态安全综合调控的基础理论与信息机理;进而研究基于“3S”云南沿边境地带的生态环境监测、评价与综合调控的方法和关键技术,包括方法和技术体系的建立、指标体系的建立、多尺度效应和尺度转换、数学模型的建立、综合调控模式和决策方案的建立等;在案例研究部分,建立了背景数据库,然后选择大、中、小尺度进行了全区生态环境现状评价,重点河道、典型路段和重点口岸的影响评价和预测预报研究,最后进行了综合调控模式和方案的探讨,并对研究结果进行了动态仿真和虚拟表达研究。 相似文献
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Piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events on the Loess Plateau,China
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Yu Guo‐Qiang Zhang Mao‐Sheng Li Zhan‐Bin Li Peng Zhang Xia Cheng Sheng‐Dong 《水文研究》2014,28(21):5322-5336
Establishing a universal watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield prediction model represents a frontier field in erosion and soil/water conservation. The research presented here was conducted on the Chabagou watershed, which is located in the first sub‐region of the hill‐gully area of the Loess Plateau, China. A back‐propagation artificial neural model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield was established, with the accuracy of the model, then compared with that of multiple linear regression. The sensitivity degree of various factors to erosion and sediment yield was quantitatively analysed using the default factor test. On the basis of the sensitive factors and the fractal information dimension, the piecewise prediction model for erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events was established and further verified. The results revealed the back‐propagation artificial neural network model to perform better than the multiple linear regression model in terms of predicting the erosion modulus, with the former able to effectively characterize dynamic changes in sediment yield under comprehensive factor conditions. The sensitivity of runoff erosion power and runoff depth to the erosion and sediment yield associated with individual rainfall events was found to be related to the complexity of surface topography. The characteristics of such a hydrological response are thus closely related to topography. When the fractal information dimension is greater than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff erosion power is higher than that of using runoff depth. In contrast, when the fractal information dimension is smaller than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff depth is higher than that of using runoff erosion power. The developed piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events, which introduces runoff erosion power and runoff depth using the fractal information dimension as a boundary, can be considered feasible and reliable and has a high prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献