Temperature and methane records over the last 2 ka in Dasuopu ice core

High resolution δ¹⁸O and methane records over the last 2ka have been reconstructed from Dasuopu ice core recovered from the Himalayas. Analysis shows that the δ¹⁸O record correlates well with the Northern Hemispheric temperature, Dunde ice core record, and with temperature record in eastern China. The warming trend detected in δ¹⁸O record from the last century is similar to that during the Medieval warm period. There is a dramatic increasing in methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core, which reached 1031 nmol ⋅ mol^-1 in 1997. Moreover, methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core is about 15%-20% higher than that in Antarctica and Greenland. There is a positive correlation between methane concentration and δ¹⁸O in Dasuopu ice core.     

AW11型自动气象站的原理及应用

本文介绍一种新型的自动气象站，它是针对小机场、直升机场和无人值守的飞机跑道而设计的独立天气观测和报告系统，可以测量全部标准的航空天气参数和生成精确实时的天气报告。     

地下水诱发的浅层前兆异常及其机理与有关的地震预报问题(2)

分析了现有主要地震前兆模式（包括热物质上涌模式）在解释现实观测到的浅层异常时遇到的困难。论证了金种前兆异常与空间环境因子之间具有的密切成因联系。诱发前兆异常具有7个主要的特征，即种类的多样性、与降水及地下水变化关系的非线性、发生的周期性和季节性、变化的层次性、时间分布的成丛性、空间分布的大区域性以及多种手段异常变化的时空关联性等。     

Water dissolution in albite melts:: Constraints from ab initio NMR calculations

Hartree-Fock and B3LYP NMR calculations were performed at the 6-311+G(2df,p) level on cluster models representing albite glasses using B3LYP/6 to 31G* optimized geometries. Calculation results on several well-known crystalline materials, such as low albite and KHSi₂O_5, were used to check the accuracy of the calculation methods.Calculated ²⁹Si-NMR results on clusters that model protonation of Al-O-Si linkages and the replacement of Na⁺ by H⁺ indicate a major increase in Si-O(H) bond length and a 5 ppm difference in δ_iso for ²⁹Si compared to that for anhydrous albite glass. The calculated δ_iso of ²⁷Al in such linkages agrees with the experimental data, but shows an increase in C_q that cannot be fully diminished by H-bonding to additional water molecules. This protonation model is consistent with both experimental ¹⁷O NMR data and the major peak of ¹H-NMR spectra. It cannot readily explain the existence of the small peak in the experimental ¹H spectra around 1.5 ppm. Production of the depolymerized units Al [Q³]-O-H upon the dissolution of water is not consistent with ²⁷Al, ¹H, or ¹⁷O NMR experimental results. Production of Si [Q³]-O-H is consistent with all of the experimental ¹⁷O and ¹H-NMR data; such units can produce both the major peak at 3.5 ppm and the small peak at 1.5 ppm in ¹H spectra, either with or without hydrogen bonding. This species, however, cannot produce the main features of ²⁹Si spectra.It is concluded that although neither protonation nor the production of Si [Q³]-O-H alone is consistent with the available experimental data, the combination of these two processes is consistent with available experimental NMR data.     

冻土三轴蠕变过程中结构变化的CT动态监测

利用ＣＴ手段观测了分析冻土三轴压缩蠕变过程中结构的变化情况，结果表明，蠕变过程中围压的作用抑制了冻土体中裂隙的增长，加强了结构的强化作用，致使冻土在不稳定蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段表现出结构强化占优势，随着非弹性变弄的进一步累积，如果结构强化仍然占优势，则变形具有衰减特征；如果弱化作用克服了围压效应占主导，则发展以破坏而告终的非衰减蠕变，破坏首先发生在样品低密段的薄弱区，在样品表面形成拉伸裂缝，然后向     

鞍─本地区条带状铁建造中硅铁矿物分异反馈及生长动力学演化

自组织过程中矿物的竞争性颗粒生长模型与颗粒生长动力学演化方程是鞍─本地区条带状铁建造（ＢＩＦ）在变质分异作用过程中硅铁分异形成硅质矿物条带与铁矿物条带的生长反馈系统及矿物竞争性颗粒生长的动力学演化过程，竞争状态的表面扩张担负起了Ｏｓｔｗａｌｄ成熟律作用，使系统向减少颗粒数但加大颗粒体积的状态演化，导致了矿物相的成层分异。     

用磁性地层学方法讨论西域组的时代

通过对塔里木盆地及其周缘地区西域组砾岩的野外调查和磁性地层学研究，及相关层位的安山玄武岩同位素年龄测定等综合分析研究表明：西域组上段记录了松山负极性带下段， ２．５－１．６Ｍａ，上界大约位于奥尔都维正极性事件层位，年龄为１．６７－１．７６Ｍａ。上覆高阶地砾岩层及其下火山岩层年龄为１．４－１．６Ｍａ，西域组下段记录了高斯正极性     

地下水诱发的浅层前兆异常及其机理与有关的地震预报问题(1)

依照“源、场、外”相结合的地震科学研究思路,提出地下水诱发浅层前兆异常机理。认为降水等因素造成的地下水动态变化,可产生一种作用于地壳岩石的附加流体力;地震前,通过多种流体力作用,引起已经积累较高应力的地壳应力－－应变场调整变化,并使岩石强度改变,从而促进与诱发浅层地壳的构造变动;其结果是派生或伴生出地形变、地应力、水化学及地电阻率等多种浅层前兆异常。在降水、地下水的多种周期变化成分中,只有那些能与地壳应力－应变过程产生力学耦合的周期变化,才能调制与诱发出异常,这一部分变化可做为广义的地震前兆。孔隙压力、动水压力以及化学腐蚀等原理,是该异常机理的理论基础。列举出六方面的事实做为该机理直接的或间接的证据。     

网络化档案管理系统发展方向研究

本文探讨了在网络化时代政府机关数字化档案管理系统的运作方式,初步提出了模块化流程系统的概念,并指出在信息化时代中,政府机关档案管理工作网络化的优势和目前存在的不足,并根据实际情况,提出档案管理系统网络化的改进方向。     

Extraction and identification of elemental carbon in sediment and its environmental and climatic implications

Elemental carbon was extracted from sediments by chemical oxidation and identified by Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that elemental carbon, defined by processing, is a continuum ranging from single crystal graphite to amorphous carbon. Chemical oxidation is a feasible method to extract elemental carbon from sediments, and when experimental condition and time are properly controlled, it can remove organic carbon without any loss of elemental carbon. However, due to the differences in experimental conditions and methods, different results have been obtained. Therefore, we believe that the determination of standard sample and its concentration as well as the unification of the experimental method are of great importance. Also, the unification and definition of all these carbon particulates can facilitate transect comparison and further research in related fields. In profile research, elemental carbon was extracted and determined by using the same method. The elemental carbon curve tends to change with other climatic proxies, indicating elemental carbon can provide another new proxy for climatic and environmental changes. Based on the analysis, we deduce that the elemental carbon record has different implications for climate and environmental changes on different time-scales. __________ Translated from Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(5): 745–752 [译自: 沉积学报]