Effective environmental management through environmental knowledge management

Owing to the green revolution, environmental problems have now become some of the most important issues worldwide. Environmental knowledge management, which combines the strengths of environmental management and knowledge management, will become a popular tool for businesses in the near future. In this paper, through interviews of staff at different levels and in different departments of the business, i. e. managers and engineers and using the environmental knowledge circulation process, the authors evaluate the success of environmental knowledge management when applied to China Steel Corporation in Taiwan. From the case study, the authors found that China Steel Corporation has applied the environmental knowledge circulation process for over thirty years. The company continually improves its environmental and financial performance through environmental knowledge creation, environmental knowledge accumulation, environmental knowledge sharing, environmental knowledge utilization and environmental knowledge internalization. Water pollution and air emissions have reduced year on year and total energy consumption has reduced by 20 % from 1979 to 2006. On the other hand, China Steel Corporation also makes a profit and reduces cost through energy sold, by-products and recycling. Continuous improvement in environmental knowledge management has rendered China Steel Corporation in the most profitable steel company in Taiwan and the world’s twenty fifth largest steel producing company in 2006.     

Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985

Column measurements of nitric oxide were made using several techniques during the MAP/GLOBUS campaign in France in September 1985. The data sets are nearly co-located and simultaneous, therefore allowing a valid intercomparison of the various measurement methods. The range of altitudes sampled differs from instrument to instrument. This complicates the comparison because the data sets are to some extent complementary. The NO distributions apparently vary significantly from day to day, and possibly over shorter timescales. Changes in dynamics may be responsible for these variations. The results from the instruments which measure in the infrared and the ultraviolet are self-consistent, and show good agreement with photochemical predictions. On 19 September, when the intercomparison was made, the profile measured by the in-situ chemiluminescent instrument differed significantly from the predicted profile, and the measured columns were generally higher.     

Flow splitting at the bifurcation between two valleys: idealized simulations in comparison with Mesoscale Alpine Programme observations

Summary This paper investigates the characteristics of channelled airflow in the vicinity of a junction of three idealized valleys (one valley carrying the incoming flow and two tributaries carrying the outflow), using a two-dimensional single-layer shallow water model. Particular attention is given to the flow splitting occurring at the junction. Nondimensionalized, the model depends on the valley geometry, the Reynolds number, which is related to the eddy viscosity, and on the difference of the hydrostatic pressure imposed at the exit of the tributaries. At the spatial scale considered in this study, the Rossby number relating the inertial and Coriolis forces is always larger than 1, implying that the effect of earth rotation can be neglected to a first approximation. The analysis of the flow structure within the three valleys as well as the calculation of the split ratio (fraction of the air flow diverted into one of the two downstream valleys with respect to the total mass flux in the upstream valley) show that (i) the flow pattern depends strongly on the Reynolds number while the split ratio is comparatively insensitive; (ii) the valley geometry and the difference between the upstream and downstream hydrostatic pressures affect the flow pattern, the location of the split point and the split ratio; (iii) the relative contribution of flow deflection by the sidewalls and the blocking/splitting mechanism differs between the settings of a “Y-shape” valley and a “T-shape” valley. Quantitative comparison of the present results with numerical simulations of realistic cases and with observations collected in the region of the Rhine and Seez valleys (Switzerland) (“Y-shape” valley) and in the region of the Inn and Wipp valleys (Austria) (“T-shape” valley) during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) field experiment shows good agreement provided that the normalized valley depth NΔH/U_u significantly exceeds 1, i.e., when “flow around” is expected. A structural disagreement between the idealized simulations and the observed wind field is found only when NΔH/U_u ≃ 1, that is, in the “flow over” regime. This shows that the dimensionless valley depth is indeed a good indicator for flow splitting, implying that the stratification is a key player in reality.     

t-GIS and environmental dynamic models

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COMBINED GPS/GLONASS PRECISE POSITIONING FOR LONG-DISTANCE BASELINES

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄＧＰＳ/ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳｏｆｆｅｒｓｍａｎｙａｄ ｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈＧＰＳ＿ｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｆｏｒｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎａｒｅａｓｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｎｕｍ ｂｅｒｏｆｖｉｓｉｂｌｅｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｓｉｓｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ .ＴｈｅｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＧＬＯＮＡＳＳｓｉｇｎａｌｓｃａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅａｃｃｕｒａｃｙｏｆｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅａｖａｉｌａｂ…     

The Integration of Cooperation Model and Genetic Algorithm

In the photogrammetry,some researchers have applied genetic algorithms in aerial image texture classification and reducing hyper-spectrum remote sensing data.Genetic algorithm can rapidly find the solutions which are close to the optimal solution.But it is not easy to find the optimal solution.In order to solve the problem,a cooperative evolution idea integrating genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm is presented in this paper.On the basis of the advantages of ant colony algorithm,this paper proposes the method integrating genetic algorithms and ant colony algorithm to overcome the drawback of genetic algorithms.Moreover,the paper takes designing texture classification masks of aerial images as an example to illustrate the integration theory and procedures.     

Shape Similarity measures of Linear Entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities.Among all the possible similarity measures,the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition.In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.     

Improved geological mapping using landsat-5 TM data in Weixi area, Yunnan province China

Different image processing algorithms have been evaluated in the context of geological mapping using Landsat TM data. False color composites, the principal component imagery, and IHS decorrelation stretching method for Landsat-5 TM data have been found useful for delineating the regional geological features, mainly to provide the maximum geological information of the studied area . The study testifies that using which image processing yields best results for geological mapping in arid and semiarid regions by preserving morphological and spectral information. Generally, the studied area can be divided into three main geological units: Basaltic intrusive rocks, Metamorphic with varying intensities and Sedimentary rocks.     

Orthorectification of IKONOS and impact of different resolution DEM

IKONOS image has been wildly used in city planning, precision agriculture and emergence response. However, the accuracy of IKONOS Geo product is limited due to distortion caused by terrain relief. Orthorectification was performed to remove the distortion and the impact of different DEM on orthorectification were evaluated. 38 ground control points （GCPs） and 25 independent check points （ICPs） were collected. DEMs were generated from 1 ： 10 000 and 1 ： 50 000 topographic maps. Results show that RMS error at the check points is 1. 554 0 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 10 000 topographic map, which can meet the accuracy requirement of IKONOS Precision product （1.9 m RMSE）. While RMS error is 2. 572 4 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 50 000 topographic map.     

Constructing geo-information sharing architecture

IntroductionAlong with the development of computer andInternet technology , GIS applications are be-coming broad increasingly ,geo-information sha-ring are of increasingi mportance ,and geo-infor-mationinteroperabilityis the trend in the futureGIS applica…