延边闹枝铜金矿床的矿物流体包裹体特征与成矿作用研究

闹枝铜金矿床是延边内生金铜矿集区内的典型矿床之一,矿体主要为含金黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉型。笔者运用显微测温、激光拉曼探针,对其矿物内的流体包裹体进行了系统研究。实验结果表明:①流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相、富气相包裹体及纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子晶的多相包裹体;②流体包裹体的均一温度为150～410℃,与黄铁绢英岩、石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物及石英方解石脉4个矿化蚀变阶段相对应的流体包裹体的均一温度分别为350～410℃、290～350℃、210～290℃、150～210℃;③流体包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为1.74%～20.97%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿化阶段成矿流体的盐度w(NaCleq)分别为2.396%～5.548%、2.24%～8.68%、1.74%～20.97%和6.3%;④流体包裹体的气体成分主要为H2O和CO2。结合前人的研究成果,笔者进一步确定该矿床的成矿流体具有深源岩浆热流体性质,在流体上升过程中曾发生过弱的沸腾作用,并在硫化物石英脉、多金属硫化物石英脉、方铅矿脉以及石英方解石脉形成过程中,伴有少量地下水或大气水的加入。     

江西城门山铜矿含矿斑岩体风化作用地球化学特征

文章利用城门山铜矿露天采坑系统地研究了含矿斑岩体风化作用过程中常量元素和微量元素的地球化学行为.结果表明,含矿斑岩体具有2个明显的风化旋回,风化作用过程主要表现为铝硅酸盐矿物的水解、水化作用,斑岩体中Ca、Mg、Na、K等元素大量淋失,Ca、Mg、Na淋失量可达80%以上,而Si、Al、Ti、Fe残留在风化层中.城门山铜矿含矿斑岩体具低Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和低稀土元素含量(ΣREE=77.69×10-6～104×10-6),具有较稳定的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值,稀土元素配分模式为较缓的右倾模式,无明显的铕异常(δEu＞0.73),ΣCe/ΣY比值为3～8.这些特征可作为评价城门山铜矿含矿中酸性岩体主要的地球化学指标之一.     

流域水文模型中河道断面概化的原理和方法

河道断面概化是开展水文、水动力学模拟的基础性工作.本文在对已有概化方法总结的基础上,提出了一套适用于流域水文模型的概化方法.该方法通过对实测断面的水深～过水面积关系进行回归分析,得到概化梯形断面的下底宽和边坡系数两个重要参数,使得概化后的断面与实测断面保持一致的水位～流量关系.以图们江流域为例,应用该方法对流域内15个实测断面进行概化,同时分析断面集水面积与断面形状、大小间关系.实例研究结果显示,该方法能较好地对河道断面进行概化,可应用于分布式水文模拟.     

石油钻杆接头水基淬火的研究

对石油钻杆接头水淬热处理技术进行了研究分析。介绍了水基淬火和油基淬火后石油钻杆接头的硬度、硬度均匀性的对比试验;不同条件下的淬火液对钻杆接头冷却速度的影响。研究表明,水基淬火方式能更好地提高钻杆接头马氏体化程度,从而提高淬火质量。     

中国硫矿主要矿集区及其资源潜力探讨

介绍了两个主要矿集区成矿地质背景、成矿条件,及其典型矿床的研究,总结其成矿规律,建立成矿模式。中国硫铁矿的资源潜力,寄于深部找矿和前寒武纪古老地层的开发,应转移硫铁矿的工作重点于中、西部,扩大找矿线索,开辟新的找矿基地。     

广饶县节约集约利用土地探讨

通过对广饶县土地利用状况进行分析,找出土地利用中存在的建设用地需求量增大、工业项目土地利用率低等问题,并从加强耕地保护工作,拓展发展空间、提供资源保障,加强调控、提升配置效率等方面提出了相应的对策措施。     

土地综合整治动态管理信息系统构建分析

在调研山东省土地综合整治现状的基础上提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对建立土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的必要性进行了分析。提出基于3S技术、ArcGIS软件平台、计算机技术、网络技术,构建土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的设想,有利于提升山东省土地综合整治项目管理水平。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

Early Mesozoic deformations of the eastern Yanshan thrust belt, northern China

The Yanshan thrust belt (YTB) is located at the northern edge of the North China plate. Because of the intense thicking and subsequent delamination of the lithosphere in north China, geologists have been focused on the Late Mesozoic deformation in the Yanshan belt. The Yanshan belt has been regarded as part of a stable craton from the Proterozoic to the early Mesozoic. In this paper, the authors present that the Yanshan area was deformed during the early Mesozoic. This deformation could be related to ocean basin closure along the northern margin of North China, or related to the collision between the north China and Yangtze Plates along the Qinling-Dabie ultrahigh pressure belt. Three stages of early Mesozoic deformation are identified in the eastern Yanshan at Lingyuan County. The first stage is characterized by westward thrusting (D1), the second stage comprises a top-to-east thrust system (D2), and the third stage comprises extensional gravity-induced collapse and landsliding (D3). The timing of these evens is constrained by both the crosscutting relationships of faults and the isotopic dating of volcanic rocks and gravels. The D1 and D2 events took place in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, whereas D3 event occurred at the end of the Middle Jurassic. The Dengzhangzi formation was deposited during the D1–D2 period and recorded a rapid uplift, erosion, and deposition sequence. These early Mesozoic contractional deformations in the YTB were probably related to the closure of ancient Asian ocean and ancient Qinling ocean. The later crustal extension was caused by gravitational collapse of the eastern China plateau during early Mesozoic.     

Assessment of the risk of rockfalls in Wu Gorge, Three Gorges, China

In 2007 and 2008, six big damaging rockfalls occurred at four sites in Wu Gorge, the second gorge of the Three Gorges, China. Detailed surveys and aerial-photographic interpretation identified 104 potentially dangerous rock masses. This paper reviews previous rock-mass risk ratings, examines dangerous rock-mass structure and presents a new assessment system for rockfall risk (ASRFR) in the Wu Gorge area. The ASRFR considers 15 factors: seven factors for hazard and eight factors for consequence. Relative importance weights for these factors are ascertained using an analytic hierarchy process. Using an equation to calculate the risk, the 104 dangerous rock masses were divided into three risk groups: high risk (33 sites), medium risk (33 sites) and low risk (38 sites). The ASRFR analysis can be used to divide the shipping route through the Wu Gorge into seven courses each of one of three classes: safe-route regions, yellow-alarm regions and red-alarm regions. The system provides geological information and a rockfall-risk management tool for local government and the shipment-route department.