过去千年中国东部持续性严重干旱事件的模拟研究

文章利用CESM1.1(公共地球系统模式)模式过去千年集合试验结果,对模拟的过去千年中国东部持续性严重干旱事件的时空特征及发生机制进行了初步分析。模式模拟出过去千年中国东部发生了7次持续性严重干旱事件,分别为883~910年、951~977年、1253~1305年、1327~1346年、1471~1488年、1587~1610年和1688~1699年干旱事件,其中仅1471~1488年干旱事件与中国东部旱涝指数对应较好,表明模式对中国东部干旱事件的模拟能力较低。这7次干旱事件均与模拟的ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)负位相状态相对应,揭示ENSO可能对中国东部干旱事件的发生起了非常重要的作用。模拟分析结果显示,1253~1305年干旱事件前期可能主要受火山活动驱动,后期则可能受到太阳活动和自然内部变率的影响。另外,1587~1610年干旱事件后期可能也受到火山活动的影响;883~910年和951~977年干旱事件则完全受自然内部变率的影响。对1327~1346年、1471~1488年和1688~1699年这3次干旱事件,无法分辨外强迫和内部变率ENSO的各自贡献。     

冈底斯中段厅宫地区林子宗火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

林子宗火山岩事件是印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应,对冈底斯带的构造演化具有重要意义。在冈底斯中段厅宫地区通过系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得林子宗群典中组底部、年波组上部和帕那组顶部的火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(66.4±0.35)Ma、(53.6±1.5)Ma和(45±0.6)Ma。对林子宗火山岩的岩石地球化学分析表明,该火山岩具弧火山岩特征,早期表现出陆缘弧火山岩的特点,至中期年波旋回钾玄岩出现,标志着陆内岩浆作用的开始,到晚期帕那旋回则显示出陆壳重熔和地壳加厚的特征,记录了新特提斯洋消减俯冲到陆陆碰撞的地质信息。     

四川盆地普光气田上二叠统长兴组表生岩溶特征及意义*

四川盆地二叠系和三叠系的接触关系以及长兴组岩溶成因的认识,地质界一直存在较大分歧。通过野外露头、钻井、岩心、成像测井、C-O同位素等资料研究发现,普光气田长兴组发育大规模溶沟、溶洞、囊状溶洞、岩溶角砾岩;P/T界线附近长兴组溶蚀灰岩碳同位素发生严重负偏移;长兴组顶见不整合面,成像测井岩溶相带划分明显;长兴组顶部存在地层缺失。综合分析认为,普光气田长兴组发生过表生岩溶作用,长兴阶晚期重大海退事件是引起表生岩溶的主要因素。长兴组长期接受表生岩溶作用的改造,除形成台地边缘礁滩相储集层外,在礁滩欠发育的台地内部和台地前缘上斜坡等区带,是寻找不整合岩溶储集层的有利地区。     

西藏冈底斯南缘汤白矿区早侏罗世含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

汤白矿区位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带西段南缘,南侧紧邻日喀则弧前盆地。矿区由地表探矿工程控制3条赋存于早侏罗世角闪石英闪长斑岩中的主矿体(1号、2号和3号),在野外地质调查的基础上,对角闪石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学测试。研究结果表明:(1)含矿斑岩的成岩年龄为183.3±1.2Ma,形成于早侏罗世;(2)含矿斑岩地球化学特征与大洋岛弧背景下的安山质岩石的地球化学性质一致,表明汤白矿区含矿斑岩形成于大洋岛弧环境;(3)西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带具有寻找俯冲期斑岩型矿床的巨大潜力,今后应加强该带俯冲期斑岩型矿床的勘查评价工作,特别是早—中侏罗世斑岩的成矿潜力评价。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储集层孔隙结构特征及储渗能力——以四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯四段为例

为全面表征缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储集层的孔隙结构特征及储渗能力,借助多种测试技术对四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯四段储集层样品进行分析与研究。首先利用铸体薄片和扫描电镜技术定性刻画了储集层的岩性、物性、储集空间和喉道特征,然后根据高压压汞得到的毛管压力曲线对储集层进行分类,最后基于多尺度CT扫描定量表征了3类样品的二维、三维孔隙结构特征。结果表明：研究区储集空间既有受组构控制的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和晶间溶孔等,又有不受组构控制的溶洞、溶缝和构造缝;喉道以缩颈、片状和管束状为主;根据毛管压力曲线特征,储集层可划分为缝洞型、孔洞型和孔隙型;缝洞型大孔隙与溶洞发育,分布均匀且连通性好,喉道粗大且数量较多,微裂缝与溶洞串接呈串珠状分布,沟通了孤立的储集空间,具有最好的储渗能力;孔洞型多尺度孔隙与溶洞发育,储集能力强,喉道粗大但数量较少,连通性较差,各储集空间无法有效沟通,渗流能力受限;孔隙型细小孔隙发育且分布不均,大部分区域被岩石骨架占据,喉道数量少且连通性极差,储渗能力弱。     

Early Jurassic basal sauropodomorpha dominated tracks from Guizhou,China: Morphology,ethology, and paleoenvironment

The newly discovered large(350 m^2) Yantan dinosaur tracksite, in the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Guizhou Province, China, reveals at least 250 footprints of which ~97 can be resolved into trackways of sauropodomorphs. All the trackways are sub parallel likely indicating gregarious behavior. One theropod track(cf. Grallator) was recorded. The sauropodomorph tracks predominantly represent quadrupedal progression(Morphotype A), and footprint morphology is similar to the ichnospecies Liujianpusshunan, characterized by outward pes rotation. Three trackways indicate bipedal progression, and two of these(Morphotype B) indicate inward pes rotation, accompanied by elongate pes digit scratch marks. For the latter phenomenon three possible scenarios are discussed:(1) significant rotation changes accompanying changes in gait,(2) swimming behavior,(3) formation of undertracks.Sedimentological evidence indicates the tracks were made on a linguloid rippled, muddy, immature sandstone substrate characterized by significant differences in substrate consistency across the trackbearing surface. Microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS) characterized by distinctive wrinkle marks indicate a stressed, probably semi-arid, paleoenvironment that was not conducive to habitation by invertebrate organisms. This is consistent with other evidence that Lower Jurassic sauropodomorph tracks are often associated with semi-arid paleoenvironments.     

LOQUAT: an open-source GPU-accelerated SPH solver for geotechnical modeling

Acta Geotechnica - Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless method gaining popularity recently in geotechnical modeling. It is suitable to solve problems involving large deformation,...     

史灌河流域水量平衡研究

建立了一个水量平衡模型,并用1998、1999年淮河流域能量和水循环试验(HUBEX)期间获得的史灌河流域(HUBEX水文试验区)加密观测资料来率定模型中的参数.结论表明:(1)水量平衡的要素计算合理;(2)梅山、鲇鱼山、蒋集土壤含水量的平均值系列基本上反映了流域蓄水量的变化过程;(3)流域蓄水量的衰减系数、蒸发能力的折算系数比较稳定,不应通过调整这些系数来实现水量平衡.     

Numerical Study on Scale Effect of Form Factor for DTMB5415, KCS,KVLCC2, and 4000TEU Container Ship

China Ocean Engineering - Four ships, a twin-propeller naval ship, two single-propeller container ships, and a single-propeller very large crude carrier (VLCC), were studied to investigate the...     

Fully coupled hydraulic fracture simulation using the improved element partition method

The improved element partition method (IEPM) is a newly developed fracture simulation approach. IEPM allows a fracture to run across an element without introducing extra degrees of freedom. It can also simulate any number of fractures in a prescribed mesh without remeshing. In this study, the IEPM is extended to hydraulic fracture simulation. First, the seepage and volumetric storage matrix of a cracked element are derived using virtual nodes (the intersection points of a crack with element edges). Subsequently, the fully coupled hydromechanical equation is derived for this cracked element. To eliminate the extra degrees of freedom (virtual nodal quantities), the water pressure and displacement of the virtual nodes are associated with their adjacent nodes through least squares interpolation. Finally, the fully coupled equation in terms of nodal quantities is obtained. The verification cases validate the method. By using this method, the field-scale hydraulic fracturing process is well simulated. The proposed approach is simple and efficient for field-scale hydraulic fracture simulation.