Modeling Study of the Global Distribution of Radiative Forcing by Dust Aerosol

To quantitatively understand the dust aerosol effects on climate change,we calculated the global distribution of direct radiative forcing due to dust aerosol under clear and cloudy skies in both winter and summer,by using an improved radiative transfer model and the global distribution of dust mass concentration given by GADS (Global Aerosol Data Set).The results show that the global means of the solar forcing due to dust aerosol at the tropopause for winter and summer are –0.48 and –0.50 W m-2 ,respectivel...     

南京SO_2、NO_2和PM_(10)变化特征及其与气象条件的关系

利用南京市2002—2006年大气监测资料,分析了南京市大气中SO2、NO2、PM10年变化趋势及月季规律,评价了南京市空气质量状况。结果表明:5a来,SO2质量浓度呈显著上升趋势,NO2质量浓度缓慢上升,PM10质量浓度明显下降;南京市首要污染物是PM10,SO2、NO2污染较轻;3种污染物质量浓度均以夏季最低。进一步研究不同气象条件下污染物质量浓度发现,污染物质量浓度与风速反相关,且东南风时浓度最高;降水对污染物有清除作用;雾、霾天气下污染加剧;气象能见度与PM10、NO2的质量浓度反相关;污染物有明显的"周末效应",周末质量浓度值较低。     

WMO资助仪器设备在瓦里关全球本底站安装运行

气溶胶光学厚度监测系统是世界气象组织和中国气象局共同资助瓦里关气溶胶升级系统的重要内容之一。该系统主要包括自动太阳跟踪器和精密滤光辐射计。精密滤光辐射计（PFR）是瑞士世界辐射校正中心Davos物理气象观象台（PMOD）自行研制的,可以自动、连续地在4个窄光谱段对太阳辐射进行准确、可靠的测量,进而获得气溶胶光学厚度。     

南极中山站电离层的极区特征

本文利用1996年的电离层数字测高仪DPS-4所测的f0F2、f0E以及美国NOAA和DMSP卫星观测估算的半球功率指数和午夜极光区赤道侧边界纬度等资料,考察中山站电离层的极区特征。结果表明,在太阳和地磁宁静环境下,冬季极夜磁正午中山站处于极隙区中心时,电离层内的电离密度达全天的最大值;上、下午各有数小时间隔位极光带内时,高能粒子的电离作用也很重要;夜间进入极差区后,电子密度则很低。夏季极昼时,太阳EUV辐射的电离效应使电离层电离密度比冬季值大许多,而且,日变化的最大值时间也提前了1~2h,强磁扰时,极隙区和极光带均向低纬侧移动;中山站上空的电子密度会大幅度下降。在中等扰动环境下情况要加复杂：磁正午前后极隙区内软粒子沉降的电离强度有所减小,而上、下午极光区的高能粒子电离则有较大增加。     

吐哈盆地大南湖地区层间氧化带特征及铀找矿前景

利用前人钻孔资料并结合野外调查,研究了找矿目的层西山窑组沉积环境、岩相古地理特征、砂体厚度及空间展布;对比各岩层的后生氧化程度,确定了层间氧化带的分布范围和空间展布形态。通过对目的层砂岩岩石学和岩石化学特征的研究,初步查明了本区砂岩孔隙度、密度与其结构构造密切相关,以及氧化带中次生矿物变化和化学元素如Fe、CO2、C有、S、U、Th、Se、Mo、V等含量变化与地下水的氧化作用有关,符合水成铀矿床的变化规律。在此基础上,圈定出氧化砂体,其底板埋深小于300m、厚度达50-100m、氧化带前锋长达60km。并在氧化带前锋发现铀矿化、硒矿化多处,初步显示该区具有良好的找矿前景。     

库车前陆盆地天然气成藏过程及聚集特征

天然气的组分和碳同位素主要受母质类型和成熟度双重因素的控制,这是我们研究天然气的基础。但是越来越多的证据显示成藏过程对天然气组分和碳同位素也具有明显的控制作用。尽管库车前陆盆地不同构造单元的天然气来源一致,即主要来源于侏罗系烃源岩、其次为三叠系烃源岩,但是库车前陆盆地冲断构造带、斜坡区和前缘隆起区在天然气组分、干湿程度和碳同位素组成上具有明显的差异。库车前陆盆地经历了早期油气的聚集、破坏和晚期天然气聚集、调整的过程,研究认为成藏过程对库车前陆盆地不同构造单元的天然气组分和碳同位素特征具有明显的控制作用。     

The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.     

空间应用短波CCD系统增益的放射源标定和估算

为满足国内空间天气监测预报研究,建立自主的空间天气数据获取系统,正在开发太阳软X-EUV空间成像望远镜。CCD作为空间望远镜的成像器件,在研制的过程中需要掌握其基本特性,对其进行标定测试。介绍了在热真空罐中使用Fe55放射源进行CCD增益标定的实验和实验数据的两种处理方式,得到了-8℃至0℃温度范围内的增益值,结果表明两种处理方式的结果符合较好,温度变化对增益的影响较小,并以这些温度下增益的平均值作为最终的增益值结果。     

Differential Tectonic Deformation of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Basin,China

Field investigation and seismic section explanation showed that the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt has obvious differential deformation:zonation,segmentation and stratification.Zonation means that,from NW to NE,the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt can be divided into the Songpan- Garz(?) Tectonic Belt,ductile deformation belt,base involved thrust belt,frontal fold-thrust belt,and foreland depression.Segmentation means that it can be divided into five segments from north to south: the northern segment,the Anxia...     

Deep Background of Wenchuan Earthquake and the Upper Crust Structure beneath the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Areas

By analyzing the deep seismic sounding profiles across the Longmen Shan,this paper focuses on the study of the relationship between the upper crust structure of the Longmen Shan area and the Wenchuan earthquake.The Longmen Shan thrust belt marks not only the topographical change,but also the lateral velocity variation between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin.A lowvelocity layer has consistently been found in the crust beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and ends beneath the ...